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Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction

S. Ben Fredj, J. Nobbs, C. Tizaoui, L. Monser, Chedly Tizaoui Orcid Logo

Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume: 262, Pages: 417 - 426

Swansea University Author: Chedly Tizaoui Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.007

Abstract

With the recent wide spread concerns of the environmental and public health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), it is becoming important to develop new techniques to remove these substances from wastewater. EDCs find their way to the environment mainly via effluents from WWTPs. They ar...

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Published in: Chemical Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1385-8947
Published: 2015
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa20191
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2019-03-30T21:28:28.3034321</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>20191</id><entry>2015-02-22</entry><title>Removal of estrone (E1), 17&#x3B2;-estradiol (E2), and 17&#x3B1;-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid&#x2013;liquid extraction</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>4b34a0286d3c0b0b081518fa6987031d</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-2159-7881</ORCID><firstname>Chedly</firstname><surname>Tizaoui</surname><name>Chedly Tizaoui</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2015-02-22</date><deptcode>CHEG</deptcode><abstract>With the recent wide spread concerns of the environmental and public health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), it is becoming important to develop new techniques to remove these substances from wastewater. EDCs find their way to the environment mainly via effluents from WWTPs. They are often cited as moderately hydrophobic, hence they have tendency to distribute to organic solvents and can then be removed using liquid&#x2013;liquid extraction (LLE) techniques. However, despite being a mature chemical engineering unit operation, LLE has not been studied for the removal of EDCs in water. This study investigated the removal of three EDCs of concerns including estrone (E1), 17&#x3B2;-estradiol (E2), and 17&#x3B1;-ethinylestradiol (EE2) using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) as an extraction solvent in three water matrix types (Milli-Q, tap water, and a secondary treated wastewater). The study showed that all three EDCs were distributed to D5 but at varying distribution coefficients: KE1 = 2.66, KE2 = 0.61 and KEE2 = 1.67 &#xB1; 5% at pH 6 and 20 &#xB0;C. Due to the high pKa values of the three EDCs, pH had no significant effect on KEDCs up to about pH 9.5 but higher pHs reduced the distribution ratios up to almost zero at pH 12. Van&#x2019;t Hoff equation described the effect of temperature on KEDCs and showed that the process was endothermic. The overall estrogenic potency of the three EDCs in mixtures was quantified with an E2 equivalent potency, which was found to distribute well into the solvent at a KE2EQ = 1.43. The study suggests that LLE is an effective method to remove estrogenic potency of wastewater.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Chemical Engineering Journal</journal><volume>262</volume><paginationStart>417</paginationStart><paginationEnd>426</paginationEnd><publisher/><issnPrint>1385-8947</issnPrint><keywords>Endocrine disrupting chemical Liquid&#x2013;liquid extraction Distribution coefficient Steroid estrogen Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane</keywords><publishedDay>15</publishedDay><publishedMonth>2</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2015</publishedYear><publishedDate>2015-02-15</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.007</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Chemical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>CHEG</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2019-03-30T21:28:28.3034321</lastEdited><Created>2015-02-22T16:57:50.8496951</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>S.</firstname><surname>Ben Fredj</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>J.</firstname><surname>Nobbs</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>C.</firstname><surname>Tizaoui</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>L.</firstname><surname>Monser</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Chedly</firstname><surname>Tizaoui</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2159-7881</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>0020191-18102015123206.pdf</filename><originalFilename>2015_RemovalE1E2EE2byLLE_CTizaoui_ChemEngJ.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2015-10-18T12:32:06.9630000</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1857088</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2015-10-18T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes/><copyrightCorrect>false</copyrightCorrect></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2019-03-30T21:28:28.3034321 v2 20191 2015-02-22 Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction 4b34a0286d3c0b0b081518fa6987031d 0000-0003-2159-7881 Chedly Tizaoui Chedly Tizaoui true false 2015-02-22 CHEG With the recent wide spread concerns of the environmental and public health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), it is becoming important to develop new techniques to remove these substances from wastewater. EDCs find their way to the environment mainly via effluents from WWTPs. They are often cited as moderately hydrophobic, hence they have tendency to distribute to organic solvents and can then be removed using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) techniques. However, despite being a mature chemical engineering unit operation, LLE has not been studied for the removal of EDCs in water. This study investigated the removal of three EDCs of concerns including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) as an extraction solvent in three water matrix types (Milli-Q, tap water, and a secondary treated wastewater). The study showed that all three EDCs were distributed to D5 but at varying distribution coefficients: KE1 = 2.66, KE2 = 0.61 and KEE2 = 1.67 ± 5% at pH 6 and 20 °C. Due to the high pKa values of the three EDCs, pH had no significant effect on KEDCs up to about pH 9.5 but higher pHs reduced the distribution ratios up to almost zero at pH 12. Van’t Hoff equation described the effect of temperature on KEDCs and showed that the process was endothermic. The overall estrogenic potency of the three EDCs in mixtures was quantified with an E2 equivalent potency, which was found to distribute well into the solvent at a KE2EQ = 1.43. The study suggests that LLE is an effective method to remove estrogenic potency of wastewater. Journal Article Chemical Engineering Journal 262 417 426 1385-8947 Endocrine disrupting chemical Liquid–liquid extraction Distribution coefficient Steroid estrogen Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane 15 2 2015 2015-02-15 10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.007 COLLEGE NANME Chemical Engineering COLLEGE CODE CHEG Swansea University 2019-03-30T21:28:28.3034321 2015-02-22T16:57:50.8496951 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering S. Ben Fredj 1 J. Nobbs 2 C. Tizaoui 3 L. Monser 4 Chedly Tizaoui 0000-0003-2159-7881 5 0020191-18102015123206.pdf 2015_RemovalE1E2EE2byLLE_CTizaoui_ChemEngJ.pdf 2015-10-18T12:32:06.9630000 Output 1857088 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2015-10-18T00:00:00.0000000 false
title Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction
spellingShingle Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction
Chedly Tizaoui
title_short Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction
title_full Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction
title_fullStr Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction
title_full_unstemmed Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction
title_sort Removal of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) from wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction
author_id_str_mv 4b34a0286d3c0b0b081518fa6987031d
author_id_fullname_str_mv 4b34a0286d3c0b0b081518fa6987031d_***_Chedly Tizaoui
author Chedly Tizaoui
author2 S. Ben Fredj
J. Nobbs
C. Tizaoui
L. Monser
Chedly Tizaoui
format Journal article
container_title Chemical Engineering Journal
container_volume 262
container_start_page 417
publishDate 2015
institution Swansea University
issn 1385-8947
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.007
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description With the recent wide spread concerns of the environmental and public health effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), it is becoming important to develop new techniques to remove these substances from wastewater. EDCs find their way to the environment mainly via effluents from WWTPs. They are often cited as moderately hydrophobic, hence they have tendency to distribute to organic solvents and can then be removed using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) techniques. However, despite being a mature chemical engineering unit operation, LLE has not been studied for the removal of EDCs in water. This study investigated the removal of three EDCs of concerns including estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) using decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) as an extraction solvent in three water matrix types (Milli-Q, tap water, and a secondary treated wastewater). The study showed that all three EDCs were distributed to D5 but at varying distribution coefficients: KE1 = 2.66, KE2 = 0.61 and KEE2 = 1.67 ± 5% at pH 6 and 20 °C. Due to the high pKa values of the three EDCs, pH had no significant effect on KEDCs up to about pH 9.5 but higher pHs reduced the distribution ratios up to almost zero at pH 12. Van’t Hoff equation described the effect of temperature on KEDCs and showed that the process was endothermic. The overall estrogenic potency of the three EDCs in mixtures was quantified with an E2 equivalent potency, which was found to distribute well into the solvent at a KE2EQ = 1.43. The study suggests that LLE is an effective method to remove estrogenic potency of wastewater.
published_date 2015-02-15T03:23:48Z
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