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Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches

Saboor Muarij Bunny, Abeera Umar, Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti

CABI One Health, Volume: 5, Issue: 1, Start page: 0017

Swansea University Author: Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti

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DOI (Published version): 10.1079/cabionehealth.2026.0017

Abstract

Background : Climate change poses critical challenges to global livestock systems, threatening productivity, food security, and environmental sustainability. The ruminant microbiome, particularly the rumen microbial community, plays a vital role in animal health, nutrition, and productivity, while a...

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Published in: CABI One Health
ISSN: 2791-223X
Published: CABI 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa72184
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Framing the microbiome within a One Health perspective highlights its importance for animal well-being, human nutrition, and environmental resilience. Methods : This review synthesizes evidence on the impacts of climate-related stressors, including heat, drought, and feed scarcity on the livestock microbiome. It examines interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary modifications, and synthetic biology approaches, alongside strategies to inhibit methanogenic archaea. Advances in microbiome analytics, including omics platforms, sensors, and machine learning, are discussed in relation to precision livestock farming and monitoring of animal health and emissions. Results : Findings indicate that microbiome shifts under climate stressors influence both livestock productivity and methane emissions. Meta-analyses and field trials demonstrate that feed and microbial additives and methanogenesis inhibitors can decrease enteric methane emissions by 20–80%, enhance feed conversion efficiency by 5–15%, and sustain milk production under heat stress conditions. While technological innovations enable more precise monitoring, significant gaps remain in understanding host–microbe–climate interactions, and barriers such as technical limitations, regulatory hurdles, and farmer adoption challenges persist. Integrated multi-omics methodologies now elucidate key genes and pathways that regulate fermentation resilience, facilitating precise microbiome engineering via probiotics, bacteriophages, and CRISPR-mediated modulation of methanogens. Beyond biological innovation, microbiome-focused approaches are consistent with international One Health frameworks (FAO–WHO–WOAH), facilitating the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), reduction of zoonotic risks, and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions within climate-smart agricultural initiatives. Integrating microbiome metrics into national livestock, AMR, and climate policies can elevate them from experimental instruments to quantifiable sustainability strategies. Conclusion : Overall, this review demonstrates that harnessing the ruminant microbiome has the potential to reduce global agricultural methane emissions by up to 40%, while simultaneously enhancing animal resilience and productivity – positioning the microbiome as a critical biological and policy frontier for climate-smart, One Health-oriented livestock transformation. Microbiome-based strategies offer a promising pathway toward climate-smart livestock systems. Achieving this will require harmonized research methodologies, systems-based multi-omics approaches, cross-sectoral collaboration, and supportive policy frameworks. 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spelling v2 72184 2026-06-29 Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches f8b4de25dc1b58cf77f7cc965dce8ae4 Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti true false 2026-06-29 BGPS Background : Climate change poses critical challenges to global livestock systems, threatening productivity, food security, and environmental sustainability. The ruminant microbiome, particularly the rumen microbial community, plays a vital role in animal health, nutrition, and productivity, while also contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Framing the microbiome within a One Health perspective highlights its importance for animal well-being, human nutrition, and environmental resilience. Methods : This review synthesizes evidence on the impacts of climate-related stressors, including heat, drought, and feed scarcity on the livestock microbiome. It examines interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary modifications, and synthetic biology approaches, alongside strategies to inhibit methanogenic archaea. Advances in microbiome analytics, including omics platforms, sensors, and machine learning, are discussed in relation to precision livestock farming and monitoring of animal health and emissions. Results : Findings indicate that microbiome shifts under climate stressors influence both livestock productivity and methane emissions. Meta-analyses and field trials demonstrate that feed and microbial additives and methanogenesis inhibitors can decrease enteric methane emissions by 20–80%, enhance feed conversion efficiency by 5–15%, and sustain milk production under heat stress conditions. While technological innovations enable more precise monitoring, significant gaps remain in understanding host–microbe–climate interactions, and barriers such as technical limitations, regulatory hurdles, and farmer adoption challenges persist. Integrated multi-omics methodologies now elucidate key genes and pathways that regulate fermentation resilience, facilitating precise microbiome engineering via probiotics, bacteriophages, and CRISPR-mediated modulation of methanogens. Beyond biological innovation, microbiome-focused approaches are consistent with international One Health frameworks (FAO–WHO–WOAH), facilitating the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), reduction of zoonotic risks, and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions within climate-smart agricultural initiatives. Integrating microbiome metrics into national livestock, AMR, and climate policies can elevate them from experimental instruments to quantifiable sustainability strategies. Conclusion : Overall, this review demonstrates that harnessing the ruminant microbiome has the potential to reduce global agricultural methane emissions by up to 40%, while simultaneously enhancing animal resilience and productivity – positioning the microbiome as a critical biological and policy frontier for climate-smart, One Health-oriented livestock transformation. Microbiome-based strategies offer a promising pathway toward climate-smart livestock systems. Achieving this will require harmonized research methodologies, systems-based multi-omics approaches, cross-sectoral collaboration, and supportive policy frameworks. Integrating microbiome innovations into climate adaptation strategies can strengthen livestock productivity, improve food security, and support environmental resilience. Journal Article CABI One Health 5 1 0017 CABI 2791-223X climate change, livestock microbiomes, emissions, One Health, methane mitigation 19 6 2026 2026-06-19 10.1079/cabionehealth.2026.0017 Review COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2026-06-29T11:13:29.8311060 2026-06-29T11:04:20.8289561 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Saboor Muarij Bunny 1 Abeera Umar 2 Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti 3 72184__37071__846161ace4d34f118e9d4924741b72be.pdf 72184.VOR.pdf 2026-06-29T11:10:16.6170033 Output 676438 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Authors 2026. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches
spellingShingle Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches
Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti
title_short Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches
title_full Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches
title_fullStr Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches
title_full_unstemmed Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches
title_sort Toward climate-smart livestock: The role of the microbiome in One Health approaches
author_id_str_mv f8b4de25dc1b58cf77f7cc965dce8ae4
author_id_fullname_str_mv f8b4de25dc1b58cf77f7cc965dce8ae4_***_Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti
author Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti
author2 Saboor Muarij Bunny
Abeera Umar
Hamzah Shahbaz Bhatti
format Journal article
container_title CABI One Health
container_volume 5
container_issue 1
container_start_page 0017
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 2791-223X
doi_str_mv 10.1079/cabionehealth.2026.0017
publisher CABI
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description Background : Climate change poses critical challenges to global livestock systems, threatening productivity, food security, and environmental sustainability. The ruminant microbiome, particularly the rumen microbial community, plays a vital role in animal health, nutrition, and productivity, while also contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Framing the microbiome within a One Health perspective highlights its importance for animal well-being, human nutrition, and environmental resilience. Methods : This review synthesizes evidence on the impacts of climate-related stressors, including heat, drought, and feed scarcity on the livestock microbiome. It examines interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary modifications, and synthetic biology approaches, alongside strategies to inhibit methanogenic archaea. Advances in microbiome analytics, including omics platforms, sensors, and machine learning, are discussed in relation to precision livestock farming and monitoring of animal health and emissions. Results : Findings indicate that microbiome shifts under climate stressors influence both livestock productivity and methane emissions. Meta-analyses and field trials demonstrate that feed and microbial additives and methanogenesis inhibitors can decrease enteric methane emissions by 20–80%, enhance feed conversion efficiency by 5–15%, and sustain milk production under heat stress conditions. While technological innovations enable more precise monitoring, significant gaps remain in understanding host–microbe–climate interactions, and barriers such as technical limitations, regulatory hurdles, and farmer adoption challenges persist. Integrated multi-omics methodologies now elucidate key genes and pathways that regulate fermentation resilience, facilitating precise microbiome engineering via probiotics, bacteriophages, and CRISPR-mediated modulation of methanogens. Beyond biological innovation, microbiome-focused approaches are consistent with international One Health frameworks (FAO–WHO–WOAH), facilitating the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), reduction of zoonotic risks, and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions within climate-smart agricultural initiatives. Integrating microbiome metrics into national livestock, AMR, and climate policies can elevate them from experimental instruments to quantifiable sustainability strategies. Conclusion : Overall, this review demonstrates that harnessing the ruminant microbiome has the potential to reduce global agricultural methane emissions by up to 40%, while simultaneously enhancing animal resilience and productivity – positioning the microbiome as a critical biological and policy frontier for climate-smart, One Health-oriented livestock transformation. Microbiome-based strategies offer a promising pathway toward climate-smart livestock systems. Achieving this will require harmonized research methodologies, systems-based multi-omics approaches, cross-sectoral collaboration, and supportive policy frameworks. Integrating microbiome innovations into climate adaptation strategies can strengthen livestock productivity, improve food security, and support environmental resilience.
published_date 2026-06-19T11:13:31Z
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score 11.110583

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