Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)

Chen, Shun; Stephen, Susan; He, Sui; Joseph, Stephen

doi:10.1080/14779757.2025.2549058

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Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)

Shun Chen

, Susan Stephen

, Sui He

, Stephen Joseph

Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, Volume: 25, Issue: 2, Pages: 263 - 284

Swansea University Author: Sui He

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DOI (Published version): 10.1080/14779757.2025.2549058

Abstract

The current study translated and validated the simplified Chinese version of the 20-item Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20), a self-report measure of the fully functioning person based on Rogers’ theory. In Sample 1, 450 Chinese-speaking adults completed the C-SI-20 to assess its internal consistency,...

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Published in:	Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies
ISSN:	1477-9757 1752-9182
Published:	Informa UK Limited 2026
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa72128

first_indexed	2026-06-19T13:00:26Z
last_indexed	2026-06-20T05:03:13Z
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spelling	2026-06-19T14:01:23.6129160 v2 72128 2026-06-19 Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20) 88747fbd0a9640ff92e4c9bbae44bdf0 0000-0003-4982-170X Sui He Sui He true false 2026-06-19 CACS The current study translated and validated the simplified Chinese version of the 20-item Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20), a self-report measure of the fully functioning person based on Rogers’ theory. In Sample 1, 450 Chinese-speaking adults completed the C-SI-20 to assess its internal consistency, test – retest reliability, and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) supported a two-factor structure – experiential fluidity and experiential constriction – consistent with findings from the original English version. In Sample 2, data from 226 Chinese-speaking adults were used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Among the models tested, the bifactor ESEM model demonstrated the best fit, indicating that the C-SI-20 captures both a general factor and two specific subdimensions. These findings support the use of the total score as a valid indicator of optimal psychological functioning, while also acknowledging the scale’s multidimensional nature. The C-SI-20 appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for use in Chinese-speaking populations and contributes to the culturally informed study of person-centered theory. Journal Article Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies 25 2 263 284 Informa UK Limited 1477-9757 1752-9182 Fully functioning person, personality assessment, psychometrics, Chinese validation, culture, Strathclyde Inventory 1 6 2026 2026-06-01 10.1080/14779757.2025.2549058 COLLEGE NANME Culture and Communications School COLLEGE CODE CACS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2026-06-19T14:01:23.6129160 2026-06-19T13:56:18.8713043 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Culture and Communication - Modern Languages, Translation, and Interpreting Shun Chen 0000-0003-0097-2654 1 Susan Stephen 0000-0003-3567-2045 2 Sui He 0000-0003-4982-170X 3 Stephen Joseph 0000-0001-7171-3356 4 72128__37015__4c53ec14d8da45b4961a4247956fae08.pdf 72128.VOR.pdf 2026-06-19T13:59:37.7281356 Output 1016908 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)
spellingShingle	Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20) Sui He
title_short	Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)
title_full	Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)
title_fullStr	Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)
title_full_unstemmed	Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)
title_sort	Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)
author_id_str_mv	88747fbd0a9640ff92e4c9bbae44bdf0
author_id_fullname_str_mv	88747fbd0a9640ff92e4c9bbae44bdf0_***_Sui He
author	Sui He
author2	Shun Chen Susan Stephen Sui He Stephen Joseph
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description	The current study translated and validated the simplified Chinese version of the 20-item Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20), a self-report measure of the fully functioning person based on Rogers’ theory. In Sample 1, 450 Chinese-speaking adults completed the C-SI-20 to assess its internal consistency, test – retest reliability, and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) supported a two-factor structure – experiential fluidity and experiential constriction – consistent with findings from the original English version. In Sample 2, data from 226 Chinese-speaking adults were used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Among the models tested, the bifactor ESEM model demonstrated the best fit, indicating that the C-SI-20 captures both a general factor and two specific subdimensions. These findings support the use of the total score as a valid indicator of optimal psychological functioning, while also acknowledging the scale’s multidimensional nature. The C-SI-20 appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for use in Chinese-speaking populations and contributes to the culturally informed study of person-centered theory.
published_date	2026-06-01T06:03:13Z
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Measuring the Rogerian concept of the fully functioning person in Chinese: translation and validation of the simplified Chinese version of the Strathclyde Inventory (C-SI-20)

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