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Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK

Nicolò Bragagnolo Orcid Logo, Prem Kumar Orcid Logo

Journal of High Energy Physics, Volume: 2026, Issue: 6

Swansea University Author: Prem Kumar Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/jhep06(2026)185

Abstract

We study the effect of modular flow on correlation functions of fermions in theSachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model coupled weakly to a bath, which we take to be another SYKmodel. The system and bath, together are prepared in the thermofield double (TFD) state,and we focus on the effect of modular flow gen...

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Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics
ISSN: 1029-8479
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa72118
first_indexed 2026-06-18T22:18:42Z
last_indexed 2026-06-19T05:50:49Z
id cronfa72118
recordtype SURis
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spelling 2026-06-18T23:18:39.8874974 v2 72118 2026-06-18 Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK 087fd097167d724ce1b13cb285741ef5 0000-0003-0867-4213 Prem Kumar Prem Kumar true false 2026-06-18 BGPS We study the effect of modular flow on correlation functions of fermions in theSachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model coupled weakly to a bath, which we take to be another SYKmodel. The system and bath, together are prepared in the thermofield double (TFD) state,and we focus on the effect of modular flow generated by the reduced density matrix for theSYK system, obtained by tracing out the bath. We show, in the late time limit, that modularflowed correlators of two Majorana fermions, single-sided and two-sided, exhibit non-trivialsingularities. Beyond a critical value of the modular parameter, the “modular scramblingtime”, the singularity structure shows correlations being transferred from one boundary tothe other. The calculations are performed by employing the replica trick in Euclidean timeand appropriately analytically continuing to real time. Exploiting the connection betweenmodular flow generators and SL(2,ℝ) boosts we use the microscopic picture to reconstructthe dual bulk modular flow in two-sided AdS2 black hole spacetime. Fixed points of the flowallow to identify quantum extremal surfaces (QES) demarcating the entanglement wedge ofthe boundary system and the island. We show that bulk modular flow can move fermioninsertions near the right boundary past the horizon leading to lightcone singularities inappropriately smeared boundary correlators, probing physics beyond the horizon. Journal Article Journal of High Energy Physics 2026 6 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1029-8479 17 6 2026 2026-06-17 10.1007/jhep06(2026)185 https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep06(2026)185 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Not Required 2026-06-18T23:18:39.8874974 2026-06-18T23:13:09.7871513 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics Nicolò Bragagnolo 0009-0005-1327-454x 1 Prem Kumar 0000-0003-0867-4213 2
title Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK
spellingShingle Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK
Prem Kumar
title_short Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK
title_full Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK
title_fullStr Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK
title_full_unstemmed Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK
title_sort Probing evaporating black holes with modular flow in SYK
author_id_str_mv 087fd097167d724ce1b13cb285741ef5
author_id_fullname_str_mv 087fd097167d724ce1b13cb285741ef5_***_Prem Kumar
author Prem Kumar
author2 Nicolò Bragagnolo
Prem Kumar
format Journal article
container_title Journal of High Energy Physics
container_volume 2026
container_issue 6
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 1029-8479
doi_str_mv 10.1007/jhep06(2026)185
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics
url https://doi.org/10.1007/jhep06(2026)185
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description We study the effect of modular flow on correlation functions of fermions in theSachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model coupled weakly to a bath, which we take to be another SYKmodel. The system and bath, together are prepared in the thermofield double (TFD) state,and we focus on the effect of modular flow generated by the reduced density matrix for theSYK system, obtained by tracing out the bath. We show, in the late time limit, that modularflowed correlators of two Majorana fermions, single-sided and two-sided, exhibit non-trivialsingularities. Beyond a critical value of the modular parameter, the “modular scramblingtime”, the singularity structure shows correlations being transferred from one boundary tothe other. The calculations are performed by employing the replica trick in Euclidean timeand appropriately analytically continuing to real time. Exploiting the connection betweenmodular flow generators and SL(2,ℝ) boosts we use the microscopic picture to reconstructthe dual bulk modular flow in two-sided AdS2 black hole spacetime. Fixed points of the flowallow to identify quantum extremal surfaces (QES) demarcating the entanglement wedge ofthe boundary system and the island. We show that bulk modular flow can move fermioninsertions near the right boundary past the horizon leading to lightcone singularities inappropriately smeared boundary correlators, probing physics beyond the horizon.
published_date 2026-06-17T06:03:11Z
_version_ 1868490910230118400
score 11.109323

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