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Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions

Morteza Talebi, Afsanehsadat Larimi Orcid Logo, Farhad Khorasheh, Tohid N. Borhani Orcid Logo

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, Volume: 39, Start page: 101559

Swansea University Author: Afsanehsadat Larimi Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.scp.2024.101559

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of doping Mg–Zr on CaO derived from natural calcite, which are utilized as heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel through the transesterification reaction of canola oil and methanol. The catalysts were synthesized via the wet impregnation method w...

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Published in: Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
ISSN: 2352-5541
Published: Elsevier BV 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71925
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spelling 2026-06-05T15:00:46.1432399 v2 71925 2026-05-18 Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions db028d01b9d62d39518f147f6bb08fa5 0000-0001-5566-171X Afsanehsadat Larimi Afsanehsadat Larimi true false 2026-05-18 EAAS The aim of this study is to examine the impact of doping Mg–Zr on CaO derived from natural calcite, which are utilized as heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel through the transesterification reaction of canola oil and methanol. The catalysts were synthesized via the wet impregnation method with varying concentrations of Mg–Zr (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%) over the calcite, (Mg/Zr mass ratio of 2:1), followed by calcination at 600 °C. Physicochemical analyses, encompassing XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, and TGA, were employed for catalyst characterization. The samples' basicity was determined through titration. Operational parameters, including catalyst loading, methanol-to-oil ratio, reaction time, and temperature, were systematically explored. The stability and reusability of the optimal catalyst were also assessed. With the increase in the mass ratio of Mg–Zr to CaO, the total number of base sites on the catalyst increases, and maximum is achieved for the 7.5%(Mg–Zr)/CaO catalyst compared to other catalysts. Also observed a similar pattern in the variation of biodiesel yield, indicating a strong correlation between catalytic activity and the overall number of basic sites present on the catalyst surface. Results indicated that, under specific conditions (7 wt% catalyst loading, a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C for a 3-h duration), the highest content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) reached 96.7% over on 7.5%Mg–Zr/CaO. The optimum catalyst exhibited robust stability and reusability across four consecutive reaction cycles, with the produced biodiesel meeting the standards of EN 14214 and ASTM D6751. Journal Article Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy 39 101559 Elsevier BV 2352-5541 Transesterification; Calcite; Biodiesel; Canola oil; Magnesium; Zirconium 1 6 2024 2024-06-01 10.1016/j.scp.2024.101559 COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2026-06-05T15:00:46.1432399 2026-05-18T10:28:19.3316575 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Morteza Talebi 1 Afsanehsadat Larimi 0000-0001-5566-171X 2 Farhad Khorasheh 3 Tohid N. Borhani 0000-0002-0906-6749 4 71925__36867__adff738d707740c08eff85fa375ed9b1.pdf 71925.VoR.pdf 2026-06-05T14:52:41.1210755 Output 4543360 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions
spellingShingle Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions
Afsanehsadat Larimi
title_short Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions
title_full Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions
title_fullStr Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions
title_full_unstemmed Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions
title_sort Biodiesel production using heterogeneous catalyst derived from natural calcite stone: Study of the effect of Mg–Zr doping and reaction conditions
author_id_str_mv db028d01b9d62d39518f147f6bb08fa5
author_id_fullname_str_mv db028d01b9d62d39518f147f6bb08fa5_***_Afsanehsadat Larimi
author Afsanehsadat Larimi
author2 Morteza Talebi
Afsanehsadat Larimi
Farhad Khorasheh
Tohid N. Borhani
format Journal article
container_title Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
container_volume 39
container_start_page 101559
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2352-5541
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.scp.2024.101559
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The aim of this study is to examine the impact of doping Mg–Zr on CaO derived from natural calcite, which are utilized as heterogeneous catalysts to produce biodiesel through the transesterification reaction of canola oil and methanol. The catalysts were synthesized via the wet impregnation method with varying concentrations of Mg–Zr (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%) over the calcite, (Mg/Zr mass ratio of 2:1), followed by calcination at 600 °C. Physicochemical analyses, encompassing XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, and TGA, were employed for catalyst characterization. The samples' basicity was determined through titration. Operational parameters, including catalyst loading, methanol-to-oil ratio, reaction time, and temperature, were systematically explored. The stability and reusability of the optimal catalyst were also assessed. With the increase in the mass ratio of Mg–Zr to CaO, the total number of base sites on the catalyst increases, and maximum is achieved for the 7.5%(Mg–Zr)/CaO catalyst compared to other catalysts. Also observed a similar pattern in the variation of biodiesel yield, indicating a strong correlation between catalytic activity and the overall number of basic sites present on the catalyst surface. Results indicated that, under specific conditions (7 wt% catalyst loading, a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, and a reaction temperature of 60 °C for a 3-h duration), the highest content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) reached 96.7% over on 7.5%Mg–Zr/CaO. The optimum catalyst exhibited robust stability and reusability across four consecutive reaction cycles, with the produced biodiesel meeting the standards of EN 14214 and ASTM D6751.
published_date 2024-06-01T06:16:21Z
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score 11.107367

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