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Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation

Bastian Jaeger Orcid Logo, Alex Jones Orcid Logo, Liam Satchell Orcid Logo, Christoph Schild Orcid Logo, Florian van Leeuwen Orcid Logo

International Review of Social Psychology, Volume: 39, Issue: 1, Start page: 2

Swansea University Author: Alex Jones Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.5334/irsp.996

Abstract

The role of perceiver differences in impression formation remains relatively poorly understood. One line of research has tried to understand these differences by exploring the role of perceivers’ needs and motivations, reasoning that perceivers should form more positive impressions of targets who ap...

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Published in: International Review of Social Psychology
ISSN: 2397-8570
Published: Ubiquity Press, Ltd. 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71681
first_indexed 2026-03-27T16:01:56Z
last_indexed 2026-04-22T10:55:38Z
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spelling v2 71681 2026-03-27 Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation a24e1e2a89b0a9120fe03b481a629edd 0000-0003-3600-3644 Alex Jones Alex Jones true false 2026-03-27 PSYS The role of perceiver differences in impression formation remains relatively poorly understood. One line of research has tried to understand these differences by exploring the role of perceivers’ needs and motivations, reasoning that perceivers should form more positive impressions of targets who appear more likely to address their needs. For example, a perceiver with a stronger affiliation motive might have a more positive impression of someone who looks more (vs. less) extraverted. We conducted two preregistered replication studies of proposed associations between three individual difference variables and likeability impressions of individuals varying in perceived extraversion. Using the original stimuli and study design (Study 1, n = 273) and two additional stimulus sets and an improved study design (Study 2, n = 367), we did not find that individual differences in (a) affiliative needs, (b) pathogen concern, or (c) sociosexual orientation were associated with likeability impressions of individuals varying in perceived extraversion. Bayesian analyses supported this conclusion. Our findings highlight the need for additional research to understand how individual differences shape social perception. Journal Article International Review of Social Psychology 39 1 2 Ubiquity Press, Ltd. 2397-8570 impression formation; social perception; needs; motives; extraversion 26 3 2026 2026-03-26 10.5334/irsp.996 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University 2026-04-22T11:58:00.8899274 2026-03-27T10:37:29.8955937 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Bastian Jaeger 0000-0002-4398-9731 1 Alex Jones 0000-0003-3600-3644 2 Liam Satchell 0000-0002-8805-4884 3 Christoph Schild 0000-0002-6668-5773 4 Florian van Leeuwen 0000-0002-9694-8300 5 71681__36548__27b6880e97864dc4bf2572fc8a7777fe.pdf 71681.VoR.pdf 2026-04-22T11:56:18.8245894 Output 1378817 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0). true eng © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0)
title Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation
spellingShingle Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation
Alex Jones
title_short Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation
title_full Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation
title_fullStr Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation
title_full_unstemmed Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation
title_sort Who Likes Extraverts? Testing the Interplay Between Perceiver Needs and Target Appearance in Impression Formation
author_id_str_mv a24e1e2a89b0a9120fe03b481a629edd
author_id_fullname_str_mv a24e1e2a89b0a9120fe03b481a629edd_***_Alex Jones
author Alex Jones
author2 Bastian Jaeger
Alex Jones
Liam Satchell
Christoph Schild
Florian van Leeuwen
format Journal article
container_title International Review of Social Psychology
container_volume 39
container_issue 1
container_start_page 2
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 2397-8570
doi_str_mv 10.5334/irsp.996
publisher Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The role of perceiver differences in impression formation remains relatively poorly understood. One line of research has tried to understand these differences by exploring the role of perceivers’ needs and motivations, reasoning that perceivers should form more positive impressions of targets who appear more likely to address their needs. For example, a perceiver with a stronger affiliation motive might have a more positive impression of someone who looks more (vs. less) extraverted. We conducted two preregistered replication studies of proposed associations between three individual difference variables and likeability impressions of individuals varying in perceived extraversion. Using the original stimuli and study design (Study 1, n = 273) and two additional stimulus sets and an improved study design (Study 2, n = 367), we did not find that individual differences in (a) affiliative needs, (b) pathogen concern, or (c) sociosexual orientation were associated with likeability impressions of individuals varying in perceived extraversion. Bayesian analyses supported this conclusion. Our findings highlight the need for additional research to understand how individual differences shape social perception.
published_date 2026-03-26T11:58:03Z
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score 11.335903

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