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Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus / GEORGEENA JOMY

Swansea University Author: GEORGEENA JOMY

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Abstract

Cannabis sativa, has seen recent and rapid commercialisation in the form of cannabidiol (CBD)products. Studies in Spain and California detected CBD in 43-80% of sewage sludge samples and THC in 7-100% of sewage samples, with CBD concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 µM (Black et al., 2019; Mastroia...

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Published: Swansea University 2026
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Seeley, A., and Davies, N.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71549
first_indexed 2026-03-04T15:01:06Z
last_indexed 2026-03-04T15:01:06Z
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recordtype RisThesis
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spelling v2 71549 2026-03-04 Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus 752ddaa891941195b3541068475bcb65 GEORGEENA JOMY GEORGEENA JOMY true false 2026-03-04 Cannabis sativa, has seen recent and rapid commercialisation in the form of cannabidiol (CBD)products. Studies in Spain and California detected CBD in 43-80% of sewage sludge samples and THC in 7-100% of sewage samples, with CBD concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 µM (Black et al., 2019; Mastroianni et al., 2013). Herein, we use Lumbriculus variegatus, a novel invertebrate for pharmacological testing, to examine its responses to CBD and its related analogues and the effects of cannabinoids on L. variegatus regenerative capacity.Using in vivo toxicity assays (IVTAs) we were able to determine toxicity thresholds. We found that 14.12 µM of CBD, 11.29 µM of 7-OH-CBD and 15.84 µM of O-1918 displayed toxicity in 50% of test populations (N = 6). This was used to determine equimolar concentrations (0-5 μM) used for pharmacological testing. Behavioural assays mirrored methods outlined by Seeley et al., (2021), however, 24-hour exposure to compounds was investigated. CBD was found to decrease helical swimming at 0.5-5 µM (p<.05, N=8) and body reversal at 2.5-5 µM (p<.05, N=8). Exposure to 5.0 µM (p=0.0018) inhibited unstimulated movement with effects persisting at 0.1 µM (p=0.0386, N=8) during 10 min recovery and at 5.0 µM (p=0.0049, N=8)at 10 mins and 24 h recovery timepoints. Similarly, 7-OH-CBD inhibited both stereotypical movement behaviours at 5.0 µM (p<.05, N=8) with no long-term effects. O-1918 exposure decreased stereotypical movement behaviours at 2.5-5 µM (p<.05, N=8), with persistent effects at higher concentrations and delayed toxicity observed in the free locomotion assay at 0.5 µM (p<.05, N=8).The regeneration assay involved dissecting L. variegatus and analysing blastema growth over 4 days (Martinez Acosta et al., 2021), results determined the inhibition of regeneration in worms exposed to 0–5 µM CBD (p=0.0123, N≥15), which was not observed with 7-OH-CBD (p>.05, N≥15) or O-1918 (p>.05, N≥15). The biomass assay was conducted over 28 days with weekly replacement of drug solutions (Doohan et al., 2021), a reduction to 0 individuals and 0 mg/worm biomass was observed only at 5.0 µM (p<0.0001, N=18). Our findings reveal that each compound exhibits varying potency, recovery dynamics, delayed toxicity and dose-response relationships. These results not only advance our understanding of cannabinoid pharmacology in non-mammalian systems but also highlight potential ecological consequences. E-Thesis Swansea University Pharmacology, Toxicology 17 2 2026 2026-02-17 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Seeley, A., and Davies, N. Master of Research MSc by Research 2026-03-04T15:39:51.6184809 2026-03-04T14:48:17.9417608 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science GEORGEENA JOMY 1 71549__36351__db39d902bae84f9aa8e417ed5bcf6dfc.pdf 2026_Jomy_G.final.71549.pdf 2026-03-04T15:38:21.2886277 Output 3742627 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: the author, Georgeena Jomy, 2026. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0) true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus
spellingShingle Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus
GEORGEENA JOMY
title_short Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus
title_full Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus
title_fullStr Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus
title_full_unstemmed Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus
title_sort Investigating the effects of cannabidiol and its analogues on the regeneration and biomass of Lumbriculus variegatus
author_id_str_mv 752ddaa891941195b3541068475bcb65
author_id_fullname_str_mv 752ddaa891941195b3541068475bcb65_***_GEORGEENA JOMY
author GEORGEENA JOMY
author2 GEORGEENA JOMY
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
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description Cannabis sativa, has seen recent and rapid commercialisation in the form of cannabidiol (CBD)products. Studies in Spain and California detected CBD in 43-80% of sewage sludge samples and THC in 7-100% of sewage samples, with CBD concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 µM (Black et al., 2019; Mastroianni et al., 2013). Herein, we use Lumbriculus variegatus, a novel invertebrate for pharmacological testing, to examine its responses to CBD and its related analogues and the effects of cannabinoids on L. variegatus regenerative capacity.Using in vivo toxicity assays (IVTAs) we were able to determine toxicity thresholds. We found that 14.12 µM of CBD, 11.29 µM of 7-OH-CBD and 15.84 µM of O-1918 displayed toxicity in 50% of test populations (N = 6). This was used to determine equimolar concentrations (0-5 μM) used for pharmacological testing. Behavioural assays mirrored methods outlined by Seeley et al., (2021), however, 24-hour exposure to compounds was investigated. CBD was found to decrease helical swimming at 0.5-5 µM (p<.05, N=8) and body reversal at 2.5-5 µM (p<.05, N=8). Exposure to 5.0 µM (p=0.0018) inhibited unstimulated movement with effects persisting at 0.1 µM (p=0.0386, N=8) during 10 min recovery and at 5.0 µM (p=0.0049, N=8)at 10 mins and 24 h recovery timepoints. Similarly, 7-OH-CBD inhibited both stereotypical movement behaviours at 5.0 µM (p<.05, N=8) with no long-term effects. O-1918 exposure decreased stereotypical movement behaviours at 2.5-5 µM (p<.05, N=8), with persistent effects at higher concentrations and delayed toxicity observed in the free locomotion assay at 0.5 µM (p<.05, N=8).The regeneration assay involved dissecting L. variegatus and analysing blastema growth over 4 days (Martinez Acosta et al., 2021), results determined the inhibition of regeneration in worms exposed to 0–5 µM CBD (p=0.0123, N≥15), which was not observed with 7-OH-CBD (p>.05, N≥15) or O-1918 (p>.05, N≥15). The biomass assay was conducted over 28 days with weekly replacement of drug solutions (Doohan et al., 2021), a reduction to 0 individuals and 0 mg/worm biomass was observed only at 5.0 µM (p<0.0001, N=18). Our findings reveal that each compound exhibits varying potency, recovery dynamics, delayed toxicity and dose-response relationships. These results not only advance our understanding of cannabinoid pharmacology in non-mammalian systems but also highlight potential ecological consequences.
published_date 2026-02-17T15:40:16Z
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