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Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6

D. McLean Orcid Logo, Paul Albert Orcid Logo, Gwydion Jones, R.A. Staff Orcid Logo, A. Francke, S.O. Vineberg, J.J. Tyler, M. Saito-Kato Orcid Logo, T. Sagawa, K. Kaneko, Hannah Buckland, T. Suzuki, J.-I. Kimura Orcid Logo, Q. Chang, H. Hoshizumi, Y. Miyabuchi Orcid Logo, C.J. Manning Orcid Logo, K. Yamada, I. Kitaba, K. Ikehara, T. Nakagawa, V.C. Smith Orcid Logo

Quaternary Science Reviews, Volume: 377, Start page: 109837

Swansea University Authors: Paul Albert Orcid Logo, Gwydion Jones, Hannah Buckland

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109837

Abstract

The Aso-3 caldera-forming event of Aso volcano was one of the largest eruptions of the Quaternary period, blanketing vast regions of Japan and surrounding seas in ash. However, uncertainties surrounding the eruption age and geochemical variability have limited its utility as a robust time-stratigrap...

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Published in: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 0277-3791
Published: Elsevier BV 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71408
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However, uncertainties surrounding the eruption age and geochemical variability have limited its utility as a robust time-stratigraphic marker. Distal occurrences previously attributed to Aso-3 span a broad temporal window (135&#x2013;110 ka) and glass shards often lack compositional agreement with those of proximal datasets. Here, we re-evaluate the characteristics of Aso-3 using new stratigraphic and geochemical evidence from proximal and distal settings. In the Lake Suigetsu sediments, three Aso tephra layers are newly identified, including a 3 cm thick layer at &#x223C;133 ka with glass shards that compositionally span the proximal Aso-3 range. Additionally, we identify a compositionally identical Aso-3 cryptotephra in the Sea of Japan (core U1427A). Combined stratigraphic, geochemical, and palaeoenvironmental evidence (pollen, diatom and benthic &#x3B4;18O) from these records confirms that Aso-3 occurred prior to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, during the termination of MIS 6. 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spelling 2026-03-13T14:37:20.0602362 v2 71408 2026-02-12 Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 7f8db9327402511d4d92849cb79af644 0000-0002-6757-1452 Paul Albert Paul Albert true false 60e37970b281337e44731ed4c197e930 Gwydion Jones Gwydion Jones true false 4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1 Hannah Buckland Hannah Buckland true false 2026-02-12 BGPS The Aso-3 caldera-forming event of Aso volcano was one of the largest eruptions of the Quaternary period, blanketing vast regions of Japan and surrounding seas in ash. However, uncertainties surrounding the eruption age and geochemical variability have limited its utility as a robust time-stratigraphic marker. Distal occurrences previously attributed to Aso-3 span a broad temporal window (135–110 ka) and glass shards often lack compositional agreement with those of proximal datasets. Here, we re-evaluate the characteristics of Aso-3 using new stratigraphic and geochemical evidence from proximal and distal settings. In the Lake Suigetsu sediments, three Aso tephra layers are newly identified, including a 3 cm thick layer at ∼133 ka with glass shards that compositionally span the proximal Aso-3 range. Additionally, we identify a compositionally identical Aso-3 cryptotephra in the Sea of Japan (core U1427A). Combined stratigraphic, geochemical, and palaeoenvironmental evidence (pollen, diatom and benthic δ18O) from these records confirms that Aso-3 occurred prior to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, during the termination of MIS 6. This establishes Aso-3 as a regional isochron, aiding synchronisation of paleoclimate records across the glacial–interglacial transition (Termination II). Our findings caution against correlating to Aso-3 based on partial geochemical matches, given that Aso experienced numerous explosive eruptions responsible for widespread ash dispersals throughout MIS 6 and 5. Journal Article Quaternary Science Reviews 377 109837 Elsevier BV 0277-3791 Aso-3; Tephrochronology; Lake Suigetsu; Glass shard geochemistry; Termination II 1 4 2026 2026-04-01 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109837 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee UKRI FLF MR/ S035478/1; MR/Y011767/1 2026-03-13T14:37:20.0602362 2026-02-12T14:04:05.4731825 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography D. McLean 0000-0002-5378-3067 1 Paul Albert 0000-0002-6757-1452 2 Gwydion Jones 3 R.A. Staff 0000-0002-8634-014x 4 A. Francke 5 S.O. Vineberg 6 J.J. Tyler 7 M. Saito-Kato 0000-0002-3048-1189 8 T. Sagawa 9 K. Kaneko 10 Hannah Buckland 11 T. Suzuki 12 J.-I. Kimura 0000-0002-2677-515x 13 Q. Chang 14 H. Hoshizumi 15 Y. Miyabuchi 0000-0003-2246-5231 16 C.J. Manning 0000-0002-8276-5933 17 K. Yamada 18 I. Kitaba 19 K. Ikehara 20 T. Nakagawa 21 V.C. Smith 0000-0003-0878-5060 22 71408__36411__24da20330ae84f89b187d7ade8ef8f78.pdf 71408.VoR.pdf 2026-03-13T14:34:10.1602928 Output 9384175 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2026 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6
spellingShingle Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6
Paul Albert
Gwydion Jones
Hannah Buckland
title_short Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6
title_full Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6
title_fullStr Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6
title_full_unstemmed Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6
title_sort Evidence that the Aso-3 caldera-forming eruption (southwest Japan) marks the termination of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6
author_id_str_mv 7f8db9327402511d4d92849cb79af644
60e37970b281337e44731ed4c197e930
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 7f8db9327402511d4d92849cb79af644_***_Paul Albert
60e37970b281337e44731ed4c197e930_***_Gwydion Jones
4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1_***_Hannah Buckland
author Paul Albert
Gwydion Jones
Hannah Buckland
author2 D. McLean
Paul Albert
Gwydion Jones
R.A. Staff
A. Francke
S.O. Vineberg
J.J. Tyler
M. Saito-Kato
T. Sagawa
K. Kaneko
Hannah Buckland
T. Suzuki
J.-I. Kimura
Q. Chang
H. Hoshizumi
Y. Miyabuchi
C.J. Manning
K. Yamada
I. Kitaba
K. Ikehara
T. Nakagawa
V.C. Smith
format Journal article
container_title Quaternary Science Reviews
container_volume 377
container_start_page 109837
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 0277-3791
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.quascirev.2026.109837
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
document_store_str 1
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description The Aso-3 caldera-forming event of Aso volcano was one of the largest eruptions of the Quaternary period, blanketing vast regions of Japan and surrounding seas in ash. However, uncertainties surrounding the eruption age and geochemical variability have limited its utility as a robust time-stratigraphic marker. Distal occurrences previously attributed to Aso-3 span a broad temporal window (135–110 ka) and glass shards often lack compositional agreement with those of proximal datasets. Here, we re-evaluate the characteristics of Aso-3 using new stratigraphic and geochemical evidence from proximal and distal settings. In the Lake Suigetsu sediments, three Aso tephra layers are newly identified, including a 3 cm thick layer at ∼133 ka with glass shards that compositionally span the proximal Aso-3 range. Additionally, we identify a compositionally identical Aso-3 cryptotephra in the Sea of Japan (core U1427A). Combined stratigraphic, geochemical, and palaeoenvironmental evidence (pollen, diatom and benthic δ18O) from these records confirms that Aso-3 occurred prior to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e, during the termination of MIS 6. This establishes Aso-3 as a regional isochron, aiding synchronisation of paleoclimate records across the glacial–interglacial transition (Termination II). Our findings caution against correlating to Aso-3 based on partial geochemical matches, given that Aso experienced numerous explosive eruptions responsible for widespread ash dispersals throughout MIS 6 and 5.
published_date 2026-04-01T05:34:00Z
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