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Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan

Akash John Orcid Logo, Daniel Demant, Ann John Orcid Logo, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Waqar Mahmood Dar, Ali Haider Orcid Logo, Tallat Anwar Faridi

Violence and Gender, Volume: 12, Issue: 4, Pages: 140 - 150

Swansea University Author: Ann John Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1177/23267836251388853

Abstract

Transgender individuals in Pakistan face physical and mental health challenges due to marginalization, discrimination, and victimization, which may increase their vulnerability to depression, anxiety, negative body image, and suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between d...

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Published in: Violence and Gender
ISSN: 2326-7836 2326-7852
Published: SAGE Publications 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71357
first_indexed 2026-01-30T16:01:39Z
last_indexed 2026-02-27T05:32:56Z
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spelling 2026-02-26T15:19:39.5221071 v2 71357 2026-01-30 Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55 0000-0002-5657-6995 Ann John Ann John true false 2026-01-30 MEDS Transgender individuals in Pakistan face physical and mental health challenges due to marginalization, discrimination, and victimization, which may increase their vulnerability to depression, anxiety, negative body image, and suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between demographic factors, depression, anxiety, and low body appreciation with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide risk among transgender individuals in Pakistan. Demographic variables included age, gender assigned at birth, gender identity, profession, education, and socioeconomic status, assessed through a self-developed semistructured questionnaire. Psychological constructs were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Body Appreciation Scale-2, and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Reliability of instruments was evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha. Data were collected from 135 participants through respondent-driven sampling using both online and in-person interviews after informed consent, ensuring anonymity and privacy. Analyses included questionnaire validation, frequencies, descriptive statistics, mean comparisons, bivariate correlations, and logistic regressions. Results indicated that demographic factors significantly influenced suicidal ideation and attempts. Correlation analyses showed significant associations between depression (r = 0.071), anxiety (r = 0.147), low body appreciation (r = 0.110), and suicidal behaviors (r = 0.008). Depression, anxiety, and low body appreciation were significantly related to past suicidal ideation (R² = 0.395), attempts (R² = 0.376), and future suicide risk (R² = 0.415). Regression analysis further revealed that depression (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.024, p = 0.001) and low body appreciation (AOR = 1.071, p = 0.044) were associated with a higher number of past suicide attempts. These findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive mental health interventions for transgender individuals in Pakistan. Journal Article Violence and Gender 12 4 140 150 SAGE Publications 2326-7836 2326-7852 transgender, Pakistan, demographics, depression, anxiety, body appreciation, suicide 19 1 2026 2026-01-19 10.1177/23267836251388853 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Not Required 2026-02-26T15:19:39.5221071 2026-01-30T16:01:13.9792647 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Akash John 0000-0002-1900-0559 1 Daniel Demant 2 Ann John 0000-0002-5657-6995 3 Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu 4 Waqar Mahmood Dar 5 Ali Haider 0000-0001-5932-207x 6 Tallat Anwar Faridi 7
title Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan
spellingShingle Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan
Ann John
title_short Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan
title_full Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan
title_fullStr Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan
title_sort Exploring Demographics, Depression, Anxiety, and Low Body Appreciation as Correlates of Suicide Among Transgender People in Pakistan
author_id_str_mv ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55
author_id_fullname_str_mv ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55_***_Ann John
author Ann John
author2 Akash John
Daniel Demant
Ann John
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu
Waqar Mahmood Dar
Ali Haider
Tallat Anwar Faridi
format Journal article
container_title Violence and Gender
container_volume 12
container_issue 4
container_start_page 140
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 2326-7836
2326-7852
doi_str_mv 10.1177/23267836251388853
publisher SAGE Publications
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
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description Transgender individuals in Pakistan face physical and mental health challenges due to marginalization, discrimination, and victimization, which may increase their vulnerability to depression, anxiety, negative body image, and suicidal behaviors. This study aimed to examine the relationship between demographic factors, depression, anxiety, and low body appreciation with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide risk among transgender individuals in Pakistan. Demographic variables included age, gender assigned at birth, gender identity, profession, education, and socioeconomic status, assessed through a self-developed semistructured questionnaire. Psychological constructs were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Body Appreciation Scale-2, and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Reliability of instruments was evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha. Data were collected from 135 participants through respondent-driven sampling using both online and in-person interviews after informed consent, ensuring anonymity and privacy. Analyses included questionnaire validation, frequencies, descriptive statistics, mean comparisons, bivariate correlations, and logistic regressions. Results indicated that demographic factors significantly influenced suicidal ideation and attempts. Correlation analyses showed significant associations between depression (r = 0.071), anxiety (r = 0.147), low body appreciation (r = 0.110), and suicidal behaviors (r = 0.008). Depression, anxiety, and low body appreciation were significantly related to past suicidal ideation (R² = 0.395), attempts (R² = 0.376), and future suicide risk (R² = 0.415). Regression analysis further revealed that depression (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.024, p = 0.001) and low body appreciation (AOR = 1.071, p = 0.044) were associated with a higher number of past suicide attempts. These findings highlight the need for culturally sensitive mental health interventions for transgender individuals in Pakistan.
published_date 2026-01-19T05:32:32Z
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