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Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts. / ROSS HAMILTON

Swansea University Author: ROSS HAMILTON

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUThesis.71337

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been of great benefit to diabetes management, but its use in healthy, physically active populations remains poorly understood. This thesis investigates the accuracy, interpretation, and application of CGM in active individuals, addressing key limitations in ho...

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Published: Swansea University 2025
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Bracken, R. M. and Bain, S. C.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71337
first_indexed 2026-01-29T12:17:29Z
last_indexed 2026-01-30T06:53:10Z
id cronfa71337
recordtype RisThesis
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spelling 2026-01-29T12:21:41.4639787 v2 71337 2026-01-29 Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts. 141511dadd1a3fcc0f03f0d476945648 ROSS HAMILTON ROSS HAMILTON true false 2026-01-29 Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been of great benefit to diabetes management, but its use in healthy, physically active populations remains poorly understood. This thesis investigates the accuracy, interpretation, and application of CGM in active individuals, addressing key limitations in how glucose data are applied outside clinical settings.The first study compares interstitial and capillary glucose responses following ingestion of carbohydrate-containing beverages varying in type, amount, and concentration. It identifies small but consistent differences between compartments during periods of rapid glucose change, highlighting the need to account for physiological lags when interpreting interstitial data. A second study monitors elite female cyclists over a nine-day training camp to characterise glucose patterns during intensified training. Glucose values remain generally stable, yet display some time <70 mg/dL i.e., hypoglycaemia. A third study examines how 28-day high-versus low-glycaemic index (GI) diets affect glycaemia and performance. Although both diets produce glucose values within normoglycaemic ranges, measures of glycaemic variability differ significantly, with the low-GI diet showing reduced variability compared to the high-GI diet. While no performance effects are observed, CGM detects meaningful diet-induced changes in glycaemic profiles, supporting its use for monitoring nutritional strategies aimed at glycaemic stability.These findings raise important questions about the appropriateness of clinical thresholds and metrics for CGM use in active populations. Many observed fluctuations likely reflect normal responses to exercise, fuelling, and recovery. This thesis highlights the need for context-specific interpretation and the identification of metrics suited to the demands of physically active individuals. CGM is beneficial in helping people understand their glycaemia, which can then support better decisions regarding diet and training. It may also help identify atypical glycaemic patterns and support long-term health monitoring and optimisation in active populations. E-Thesis Swansea University Physiology, Nutrition, Glycaemia, Sport Science, Sports Technology 10 11 2025 2025-11-10 10.23889/SUThesis.71337 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Bracken, R. M. and Bain, S. C. Doctoral Ph.D Supersapiens Inc, BENEO Supersapiens Inc, BENEO 2026-01-29T12:21:41.4639787 2026-01-29T12:11:24.9561585 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences ROSS HAMILTON 1 71337__36138__a0beb1797a1242fa97ee59b12aaa5eb8.pdf 2025_Hamilton_R.final.71337.pdf 2026-01-29T12:16:34.8949359 Output 16421031 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Ross Hamilton, 2026 true eng
title Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts.
spellingShingle Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts.
ROSS HAMILTON
title_short Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts.
title_full Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts.
title_fullStr Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts.
title_full_unstemmed Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts.
title_sort Towards a better understanding of the role for continuous glucose monitoring in glycaemic management of athletic cohorts.
author_id_str_mv 141511dadd1a3fcc0f03f0d476945648
author_id_fullname_str_mv 141511dadd1a3fcc0f03f0d476945648_***_ROSS HAMILTON
author ROSS HAMILTON
author2 ROSS HAMILTON
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publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUThesis.71337
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been of great benefit to diabetes management, but its use in healthy, physically active populations remains poorly understood. This thesis investigates the accuracy, interpretation, and application of CGM in active individuals, addressing key limitations in how glucose data are applied outside clinical settings.The first study compares interstitial and capillary glucose responses following ingestion of carbohydrate-containing beverages varying in type, amount, and concentration. It identifies small but consistent differences between compartments during periods of rapid glucose change, highlighting the need to account for physiological lags when interpreting interstitial data. A second study monitors elite female cyclists over a nine-day training camp to characterise glucose patterns during intensified training. Glucose values remain generally stable, yet display some time <70 mg/dL i.e., hypoglycaemia. A third study examines how 28-day high-versus low-glycaemic index (GI) diets affect glycaemia and performance. Although both diets produce glucose values within normoglycaemic ranges, measures of glycaemic variability differ significantly, with the low-GI diet showing reduced variability compared to the high-GI diet. While no performance effects are observed, CGM detects meaningful diet-induced changes in glycaemic profiles, supporting its use for monitoring nutritional strategies aimed at glycaemic stability.These findings raise important questions about the appropriateness of clinical thresholds and metrics for CGM use in active populations. Many observed fluctuations likely reflect normal responses to exercise, fuelling, and recovery. This thesis highlights the need for context-specific interpretation and the identification of metrics suited to the demands of physically active individuals. CGM is beneficial in helping people understand their glycaemia, which can then support better decisions regarding diet and training. It may also help identify atypical glycaemic patterns and support long-term health monitoring and optimisation in active populations.
published_date 2025-11-10T05:35:13Z
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score 11.096068

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