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Word Associations

Tess Fitzpatrick Orcid Logo

The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics, Volume: Lexis

Swansea University Author: Tess Fitzpatrick Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/9781405198431

Abstract

Word association data comprises responses supplied by participants to a series of cue words. Such data has the potential to reveal information about how the mental lexicon is organized, and how lexical items are retrieved. To maximize this potential, the data must be collected, processed, and analyz...

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Published in: The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics
ISBN: 9781405198431
Published: Wiley 2025
Online Access: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1283.pub2
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71246
first_indexed 2026-01-14T09:23:50Z
last_indexed 2026-01-15T05:29:29Z
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recordtype SURis
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spelling 2026-01-14T09:50:12.9673131 v2 71246 2026-01-14 Word Associations 9597ef45279e137ada70fc75832a45de 0000-0003-0715-9009 Tess Fitzpatrick Tess Fitzpatrick true false 2026-01-14 CACS Word association data comprises responses supplied by participants to a series of cue words. Such data has the potential to reveal information about how the mental lexicon is organized, and how lexical items are retrieved. To maximize this potential, the data must be collected, processed, and analyzed in a principled way. This necessitates careful attention to cue word selection, participant selection, and method of administration, as well as to the type of analysis employed. Typically, analysis will follow one of the two methods: the stereotypy method assesses each individual response according to how “typical” it is of group responses to the same cue. Norms lists, ranking responses according to their frequency of occurrence, are compiled to support this method. The second common form of analysis entails assigning responses to categories according to their relationship to the cue word. Categories vary, but might include synonyms, collocations, orthographic similarity, and so forth. In applied linguistics, word association data has mostly been used to investigate learners' developing lexicons. There is evidence to suggest that orthographic/phonological connections are the first to develop, followed by meaning-based and collocational links. Word association research is compatible with graph and network theory, and these offer useful perspectives on the dynamic mental lexicon. Book chapter The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics Lexis Wiley 9781405198431 2 12 2025 2025-12-02 10.1002/9781405198431 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1283.pub2 COLLEGE NANME Culture and Communications School COLLEGE CODE CACS Swansea University 2026-01-14T09:50:12.9673131 2026-01-14T09:14:43.0805747 Tess Fitzpatrick 0000-0003-0715-9009 1
title Word Associations
spellingShingle Word Associations
Tess Fitzpatrick
title_short Word Associations
title_full Word Associations
title_fullStr Word Associations
title_full_unstemmed Word Associations
title_sort Word Associations
author_id_str_mv 9597ef45279e137ada70fc75832a45de
author_id_fullname_str_mv 9597ef45279e137ada70fc75832a45de_***_Tess Fitzpatrick
author Tess Fitzpatrick
author2 Tess Fitzpatrick
format Book chapter
container_title The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics
container_volume Lexis
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
isbn 9781405198431
doi_str_mv 10.1002/9781405198431
publisher Wiley
url https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal1283.pub2
document_store_str 0
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description Word association data comprises responses supplied by participants to a series of cue words. Such data has the potential to reveal information about how the mental lexicon is organized, and how lexical items are retrieved. To maximize this potential, the data must be collected, processed, and analyzed in a principled way. This necessitates careful attention to cue word selection, participant selection, and method of administration, as well as to the type of analysis employed. Typically, analysis will follow one of the two methods: the stereotypy method assesses each individual response according to how “typical” it is of group responses to the same cue. Norms lists, ranking responses according to their frequency of occurrence, are compiled to support this method. The second common form of analysis entails assigning responses to categories according to their relationship to the cue word. Categories vary, but might include synonyms, collocations, orthographic similarity, and so forth. In applied linguistics, word association data has mostly been used to investigate learners' developing lexicons. There is evidence to suggest that orthographic/phonological connections are the first to develop, followed by meaning-based and collocational links. Word association research is compatible with graph and network theory, and these offer useful perspectives on the dynamic mental lexicon.
published_date 2025-12-02T05:34:58Z
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score 11.096068

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