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Potential Eye Disorders in People With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Exposed to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: An Examination of the FAERS (FDA Adverse Event Reporting System) Database

Mya Murray Orcid Logo, Fabrizio Schifano, Stefania Chiappini, John Martin Corkery Orcid Logo, Amira Guirguis Orcid Logo

American Journal of Ophthalmology, Volume: 283, Pages: 279 - 290

Swansea University Author: Amira Guirguis Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.ajo.2025.12.015

Abstract

PurposeAs use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and weight management increases, emerging research identifies various adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to expand this research base, focusing on eye disorders in people with and without T2DM, a n...

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Published in: American Journal of Ophthalmology
ISSN: 0002-9394
Published: Elsevier BV 2026
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71167
Abstract: PurposeAs use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and weight management increases, emerging research identifies various adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to expand this research base, focusing on eye disorders in people with and without T2DM, a novel consideration.DesignA retrospective clinical cohort disproportionality analysis of reports made to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).MethodsFAERS was queried regarding selected GLP-1RAs. Python 3.11 was adopted to develop a program, quantifying reported cases between January 2017 - September 2025 (January 2022-September 2025 for tirzepatide) meeting the criteria for cases with and without T2DM. Main outcome measures Reporting Odds Ratios (RORs) >4.000 and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, with metformin and orlistat as controls.ResultsCompared to metformin, semaglutide showed increased reporting of optic ischaemic neuropathy (ROR: 12.269 [0.915-1.967]), cataract (ROR: 31.879 [2.463-4.461]) and retinopathy (ROR: 5.185 [0.556-2.736]) in T2DM patients, and retinopathy (ROR: 9.424 [1.081-3.406]) and retinal haemorrhage (ROR: 10.253 [0.319-4.336]) in non-T2DM patients. Tirzepatide showed increased reporting of optic ischemic neuropathy (ROR: 4.619 [0.726-2.335]) and macular degeneration (ROR: 15.579 [0.554-4.938]) in T2DM patients and eye swelling (ROR: 6.475 [0.407-3.329]) in non-T2DM patients. Liraglutide showed increased reporting of cataract (ROR: 53.866 [2.945-5.028]), diabetic retinopathy (ROR: 18.162 [1.753-4.045]) and macular degeneration (ROR: 26.261 [1.076-5.460]) in T2DM patients and cataract (ROR: 9.628 [1.387-3.142]) and macular degeneration (ROR: 9.557 [0.110-4.405]) in non-T2DM patients.ConclusionsThese results provide a signal of increased reporting of various eye disorders with GLP-1RA use compared to metformin across T2DM and non-T2DM patient cases. Further research is required to support these findings and confirm a biological causation.
College: Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
Funders: Swansea University
Start Page: 279
End Page: 290

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