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Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study

Kirstie O’Hare Orcid Logo, Prathiba Chitsabesan, Tamsin J. Ford Orcid Logo, Louise Gallagher, Ann John Orcid Logo, Fiona McNicholas, Helen Minnis Orcid Logo, Anita Thapar, Ian Kelleher Orcid Logo

The British Journal of Psychiatry, Pages: 1 - 8

Swansea University Author: Ann John Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1192/bjp.2025.10480

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of mental ill health is increasing in young people worldwide, with rising referrals to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). The numbers and proportions of the youth population who present to CAMHS, however, including how those figures are changing over time...

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Published in: The British Journal of Psychiatry
ISSN: 0007-1250 1472-1465
Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70758
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last_indexed 2025-12-16T05:27:22Z
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Understanding trends in mental health service contacts for young people over time is crucial mental health surveillance data. Aims: Our aim was to calculate both the lifetime and annual prevalence of CAMHS contact in Wales for young people up to age 18 years. Method: Using linked Welsh administrative healthcare records, we calculated the annual prevalence of CAMHS contacts between 2004 and 2023. We also calculated the lifetime prevalence of CAMHS contacts for sequential annual birth cohorts born between 1991 and 2005 and followed to age 18 (between 2009 and 2023). Results: In 2004, 0.8% (n = 4665) of the total child and adolescent population were in contact with CAMHS. By 2022, this had risen nearly five-fold to 3.9% (n = 19 870) of the total child and adolescent population. Among the 1991 birth cohort who turned 18 in 2009, 5.8% had contact with CAMHS at some stage in childhood or adolescence. For individuals born in 2005 who turned 18 in 2023, this figure had risen to 20.2%. 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spelling 2025-12-15T15:45:42.3073318 v2 70758 2025-10-23 Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55 0000-0002-5657-6995 Ann John Ann John true false 2025-10-23 MEDS Background: The prevalence of mental ill health is increasing in young people worldwide, with rising referrals to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). The numbers and proportions of the youth population who present to CAMHS, however, including how those figures are changing over time, are unclear. Understanding trends in mental health service contacts for young people over time is crucial mental health surveillance data. Aims: Our aim was to calculate both the lifetime and annual prevalence of CAMHS contact in Wales for young people up to age 18 years. Method: Using linked Welsh administrative healthcare records, we calculated the annual prevalence of CAMHS contacts between 2004 and 2023. We also calculated the lifetime prevalence of CAMHS contacts for sequential annual birth cohorts born between 1991 and 2005 and followed to age 18 (between 2009 and 2023). Results: In 2004, 0.8% (n = 4665) of the total child and adolescent population were in contact with CAMHS. By 2022, this had risen nearly five-fold to 3.9% (n = 19 870) of the total child and adolescent population. Among the 1991 birth cohort who turned 18 in 2009, 5.8% had contact with CAMHS at some stage in childhood or adolescence. For individuals born in 2005 who turned 18 in 2023, this figure had risen to 20.2%. Conclusions: The number of the young people in contact with CAMHS has increased dramatically over the past 15 years, from 1 in 17 young people who turned 18 in 2009 to 1 in 5 young people who turned 18 in 2023. Journal Article The British Journal of Psychiatry 0 1 8 Cambridge University Press (CUP) 0007-1250 1472-1465 Youth mental health, service utilisation, child and adolescent psychiatry, linked healthcare records, time trends 10 12 2025 2025-12-10 10.1192/bjp.2025.10480 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This project was funded by awards to IK from the Health Research Board (ECSA-2020-005), the Academy of Medical Sciences (APR8\1005), and the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. 2025-12-15T15:45:42.3073318 2025-10-23T10:02:35.5048629 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Kirstie O’Hare 0000-0002-1166-9792 1 Prathiba Chitsabesan 2 Tamsin J. Ford 0000-0001-5295-4904 3 Louise Gallagher 4 Ann John 0000-0002-5657-6995 5 Fiona McNicholas 6 Helen Minnis 0000-0002-2377-8945 7 Anita Thapar 8 Ian Kelleher 0000-0003-1484-651x 9 70758__35828__33f253faba6b4bd7b9daaddb3ac7c80e.pdf 70758.VOR.pdf 2025-12-15T15:43:13.2770560 Output 357834 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Royal College of Psychiatrists. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study
spellingShingle Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study
Ann John
title_short Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study
title_full Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study
title_fullStr Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study
title_full_unstemmed Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study
title_sort Trends in annual and lifetime prevalence of child and adolescent mental health service use in the UK between 1991 and 2023: Welsh healthcare register linkage study
author_id_str_mv ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55
author_id_fullname_str_mv ed8a9c37bd7b7235b762d941ef18ee55_***_Ann John
author Ann John
author2 Kirstie O’Hare
Prathiba Chitsabesan
Tamsin J. Ford
Louise Gallagher
Ann John
Fiona McNicholas
Helen Minnis
Anita Thapar
Ian Kelleher
format Journal article
container_title The British Journal of Psychiatry
container_volume 0
container_start_page 1
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0007-1250
1472-1465
doi_str_mv 10.1192/bjp.2025.10480
publisher Cambridge University Press (CUP)
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: The prevalence of mental ill health is increasing in young people worldwide, with rising referrals to child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). The numbers and proportions of the youth population who present to CAMHS, however, including how those figures are changing over time, are unclear. Understanding trends in mental health service contacts for young people over time is crucial mental health surveillance data. Aims: Our aim was to calculate both the lifetime and annual prevalence of CAMHS contact in Wales for young people up to age 18 years. Method: Using linked Welsh administrative healthcare records, we calculated the annual prevalence of CAMHS contacts between 2004 and 2023. We also calculated the lifetime prevalence of CAMHS contacts for sequential annual birth cohorts born between 1991 and 2005 and followed to age 18 (between 2009 and 2023). Results: In 2004, 0.8% (n = 4665) of the total child and adolescent population were in contact with CAMHS. By 2022, this had risen nearly five-fold to 3.9% (n = 19 870) of the total child and adolescent population. Among the 1991 birth cohort who turned 18 in 2009, 5.8% had contact with CAMHS at some stage in childhood or adolescence. For individuals born in 2005 who turned 18 in 2023, this figure had risen to 20.2%. Conclusions: The number of the young people in contact with CAMHS has increased dramatically over the past 15 years, from 1 in 17 young people who turned 18 in 2009 to 1 in 5 young people who turned 18 in 2023.
published_date 2025-12-10T05:27:22Z
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score 11.089905

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