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Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria

Kaja Kowalczewska Orcid Logo, Piotr Łubiński Orcid Logo

Problemy Współczesnego Prawa Międzynarodowego, Europejskiego i Porównawczego, Volume: 20, Pages: 55 - 83

Swansea University Author: Kaja Kowalczewska Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.26106/9r8g-jt22

Abstract

The aim of this article is to address the legality of armed violence between Turkish armed forces and the Syrian government and non-state actors within the Syrian territory, including the Kurdish rebel forces. The scope of the article covers the Turkish military operations conducted from 2016 to 202...

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Published in: Problemy Współczesnego Prawa Międzynarodowego, Europejskiego i Porównawczego
ISSN: 1730-4504
Published: 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70677
first_indexed 2025-10-15T16:01:49Z
last_indexed 2025-12-19T04:25:34Z
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spelling 2025-12-17T15:37:51.1075039 v2 70677 2025-10-15 Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria 84967a6c58e00cfe9dc8ce044a9f6f9e 0000-0002-9799-9150 Kaja Kowalczewska Kaja Kowalczewska true false 2025-10-15 HRCL The aim of this article is to address the legality of armed violence between Turkish armed forces and the Syrian government and non-state actors within the Syrian territory, including the Kurdish rebel forces. The scope of the article covers the Turkish military operations conducted from 2016 to 2020. Firstly, the authors address the issue whether Turkish operations were conducted within the scope of jus ad bellum. The authors’ conclusions are that the Republic of Turkey has violated international law and therefore the imposition of sanctions by other States and Syria’s claims for a cessation of the violation and appropriate restitution are justified. Secondly, the Turkish operations are classified under jus in bello from the perspective of the law governing international and non-international armed conflicts. This makes it possible to determine which norms of the law of armed conflict and international human rights law are applicable in this context. Moreover, it establishes a framework for further examination of the nature of the alleged violations and opens a debate on possible measures of redress for victims of the breaches attributable to the Republic of Turkey. Journal Article Problemy Współczesnego Prawa Międzynarodowego, Europejskiego i Porównawczego 20 55 83 1730-4504 22 9 2022 2022-09-22 10.26106/9r8g-jt22 https://europeistyka.uj.edu.pl/documents/3458728/151580249/PWPM_2022_20_03_Kowalczewska.pdf/8882e3ac-55d6-4a23-b386-05e6f3a01ad0 COLLEGE NANME Hillary Rodham Clinton Law School COLLEGE CODE HRCL Swansea University 2025-12-17T15:37:51.1075039 2025-10-15T12:51:05.5610227 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Hilary Rodham Clinton School of Law Kaja Kowalczewska 0000-0002-9799-9150 1 Piotr Łubiński 0000-0002-6007-5683 2 70677__35431__ec5cf34ac3a04c998d6bd13194560a8c.pdf PWPM_2022_20_03_Kowalczewska.pdf 2025-10-21T16:54:16.8559736 Output 244759 application/pdf Version of Record true Released under the terms of a CC-BY-SA license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en
title Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria
spellingShingle Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria
Kaja Kowalczewska
title_short Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria
title_full Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria
title_fullStr Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria
title_full_unstemmed Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria
title_sort Legality of the Turkish military operations in Syria
author_id_str_mv 84967a6c58e00cfe9dc8ce044a9f6f9e
author_id_fullname_str_mv 84967a6c58e00cfe9dc8ce044a9f6f9e_***_Kaja Kowalczewska
author Kaja Kowalczewska
author2 Kaja Kowalczewska
Piotr Łubiński
format Journal article
container_title Problemy Współczesnego Prawa Międzynarodowego, Europejskiego i Porównawczego
container_volume 20
container_start_page 55
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1730-4504
doi_str_mv 10.26106/9r8g-jt22
college_str Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
department_str Hilary Rodham Clinton School of Law{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Hilary Rodham Clinton School of Law
url https://europeistyka.uj.edu.pl/documents/3458728/151580249/PWPM_2022_20_03_Kowalczewska.pdf/8882e3ac-55d6-4a23-b386-05e6f3a01ad0
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The aim of this article is to address the legality of armed violence between Turkish armed forces and the Syrian government and non-state actors within the Syrian territory, including the Kurdish rebel forces. The scope of the article covers the Turkish military operations conducted from 2016 to 2020. Firstly, the authors address the issue whether Turkish operations were conducted within the scope of jus ad bellum. The authors’ conclusions are that the Republic of Turkey has violated international law and therefore the imposition of sanctions by other States and Syria’s claims for a cessation of the violation and appropriate restitution are justified. Secondly, the Turkish operations are classified under jus in bello from the perspective of the law governing international and non-international armed conflicts. This makes it possible to determine which norms of the law of armed conflict and international human rights law are applicable in this context. Moreover, it establishes a framework for further examination of the nature of the alleged violations and opens a debate on possible measures of redress for victims of the breaches attributable to the Republic of Turkey.
published_date 2022-09-22T05:33:17Z
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score 11.096027

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