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Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection

Marisol Jimenez Cruz, Ameek Malhotra Orcid Logo, Gianmassimo Tasinato Orcid Logo, Ivonne Zavala Carrasco Orcid Logo

Physical Review D, Volume: 112, Issue: 8, Start page: 083558

Swansea University Authors: Marisol Jimenez Cruz, Ameek Malhotra Orcid Logo, Gianmassimo Tasinato Orcid Logo, Ivonne Zavala Carrasco Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1103/8k1p-pzcg

Abstract

High-precision astrometry offers a promising approach to detect low-frequency gravitational waves, complementing pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. We explore the response of astrometric measurements to a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in synergy with PTA data. Analytical, cova...

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Published in: Physical Review D
ISSN: 2470-0010 2470-0029
Published: American Physical Society (APS) 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70640
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spelling 2025-11-06T13:33:23.1536462 v2 70640 2025-10-13 Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection 18ad749387424b787b8f58c75887a968 Marisol Jimenez Cruz Marisol Jimenez Cruz true false dd6ebf069325cdbdbeb597fa64d48063 0000-0001-8346-9995 Ameek Malhotra Ameek Malhotra true false cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301 0000-0002-9835-4864 Gianmassimo Tasinato Gianmassimo Tasinato true false 2fb8d4bb665e9a89d3b3478c17f646f8 0000-0002-5589-9928 Ivonne Zavala Carrasco Ivonne Zavala Carrasco true false 2025-10-13 BGPS High-precision astrometry offers a promising approach to detect low-frequency gravitational waves, complementing pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. We explore the response of astrometric measurements to a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in synergy with PTA data. Analytical, covariant expressions for this response are derived, accounting for the presence of a possible dipolar anisotropy in the SGWB. We identify the optimal estimator for extracting SGWB information from astrometric observations and examine how sensitivity to SGWB properties varies with the sky positions of stars and pulsars. Using representative examples of current PTA capabilities and near-future astrometric sensitivity, we demonstrate that cross-correlating astrometric and PTA data can improve constraints on SGWB properties, compared to PTA data alone. The improvement is quantified through Fisher forecasts for the SGWB amplitude, spectral tilt, and dipolar anisotropy amplitude. In the future, such joint constraints could play a crucial role in identifying the origin of SGWB signals detected by PTAs. Journal Article Physical Review D 112 8 083558 American Physical Society (APS) 2470-0010 2470-0029 30 10 2025 2025-10-30 10.1103/8k1p-pzcg COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work was partially funded by the STFC Grants No. ST/T000813/1 and No. ST/X000648/1. We also acknowledge the support of the Supercomputing Wales project, which is partly funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) via the Welsh Government. 2025-11-06T13:33:23.1536462 2025-10-13T09:33:21.7394263 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics Marisol Jimenez Cruz 1 Ameek Malhotra 0000-0001-8346-9995 2 Gianmassimo Tasinato 0000-0002-9835-4864 3 Ivonne Zavala Carrasco 0000-0002-5589-9928 4 70640__35568__2a5f9c1c0fd24289a0ac7d143051e14a.pdf 70640.VOR.pdf 2025-11-06T13:30:48.2155945 Output 1501103 application/pdf Version of Record true Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection
spellingShingle Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection
Marisol Jimenez Cruz
Ameek Malhotra
Gianmassimo Tasinato
Ivonne Zavala Carrasco
title_short Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection
title_full Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection
title_fullStr Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection
title_full_unstemmed Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection
title_sort Astrometry meets pulsar timing arrays: Synergies for gravitational wave detection
author_id_str_mv 18ad749387424b787b8f58c75887a968
dd6ebf069325cdbdbeb597fa64d48063
cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 18ad749387424b787b8f58c75887a968_***_Marisol Jimenez Cruz
dd6ebf069325cdbdbeb597fa64d48063_***_Ameek Malhotra
cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301_***_Gianmassimo Tasinato
2fb8d4bb665e9a89d3b3478c17f646f8_***_Ivonne Zavala Carrasco
author Marisol Jimenez Cruz
Ameek Malhotra
Gianmassimo Tasinato
Ivonne Zavala Carrasco
author2 Marisol Jimenez Cruz
Ameek Malhotra
Gianmassimo Tasinato
Ivonne Zavala Carrasco
format Journal article
container_title Physical Review D
container_volume 112
container_issue 8
container_start_page 083558
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2470-0010
2470-0029
doi_str_mv 10.1103/8k1p-pzcg
publisher American Physical Society (APS)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics
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description High-precision astrometry offers a promising approach to detect low-frequency gravitational waves, complementing pulsar timing array (PTA) observations. We explore the response of astrometric measurements to a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in synergy with PTA data. Analytical, covariant expressions for this response are derived, accounting for the presence of a possible dipolar anisotropy in the SGWB. We identify the optimal estimator for extracting SGWB information from astrometric observations and examine how sensitivity to SGWB properties varies with the sky positions of stars and pulsars. Using representative examples of current PTA capabilities and near-future astrometric sensitivity, we demonstrate that cross-correlating astrometric and PTA data can improve constraints on SGWB properties, compared to PTA data alone. The improvement is quantified through Fisher forecasts for the SGWB amplitude, spectral tilt, and dipolar anisotropy amplitude. In the future, such joint constraints could play a crucial role in identifying the origin of SGWB signals detected by PTAs.
published_date 2025-10-30T14:19:08Z
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