A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus

Wood, Martyn J.; Yavaşoğlu, Sare I.; Bull, James; Bakırcı, Serkan; Kanagachandran, Kanagasooriyam; Butt, Tariq

doi:10.1002/ps.70296

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A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus

Martyn J. Wood

, Sare I. Yavaşoğlu

, James Bull

, Serkan Bakırcı, Kanagasooriyam Kanagachandran, Tariq Butt

Pest Management Science

Swansea University Authors: James Bull , Tariq Butt

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/ps.70296

Abstract

Ixodes ricinus and Hyalomma excavatum are two widely dispersed vectors of pathogens, including those that cause Lyme disease and Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in the human population. Recently developed, plant-derived, mosquito-repellent blends have shown promise against other vector clades, and...

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Published in:	Pest Management Science
ISSN:	1526-498X 1526-4998
Published:	Wiley 2025
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70604

first_indexed	2025-10-07T12:43:36Z
last_indexed	2025-10-17T09:31:17Z
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spelling	2025-10-16T15:46:59.7483205 v2 70604 2025-10-07 A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus 20742518482c020c80b81b88e5313356 0000-0002-4373-6830 James Bull James Bull true false 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece 0000-0002-8789-9543 Tariq Butt Tariq Butt true false 2025-10-07 BGPS Ixodes ricinus and Hyalomma excavatum are two widely dispersed vectors of pathogens, including those that cause Lyme disease and Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in the human population. Recently developed, plant-derived, mosquito-repellent blends have shown promise against other vector clades, and this study assesses these blends as potential tick repellents. Blends of (+)-borneol, bornyl acetate, eugenol, isoeugenol and camphor were assessed in two formats: blends 3 and 4. Ticks were assessed using the moving object bioassay (Ixodes) or a dual-choice behavioural assay (Hyalomma). Both blends were compared against negative controls and four commercially available synthetic repellents: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpropylstyrene 1-piperidine carboxylate) (Picaridin), 3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)-amino-propionic acid ethyl ester (IR3535) and p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD). Results demonstrate the efficacies of blends 3 and 4; moreover, both were more effective than the commercial repellents (P < 0.05). Blend 3 was marginally more effective than blend 4, and differences in the repellent action were noted for each of the tick species, suggesting broad-spectrum vector-repellent activities, irrespective of life strategy. Overall, this work demonstrates the clear potential of blends 3 and 4 as tick repellents that offer an improved vector response over currently available commercial repellents. Furthermore, that the same repellent blends are capable of tick repellency in addition to mosquito repellency, offers the potential for widely dispersed usage across a range of integrated vector management strategies. Journal Article Pest Management Science 0 Wiley 1526-498X 1526-4998 16 10 2025 2025-10-16 10.1002/ps.70296 In press COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Agor ip; Rentokil initial plc 2025-10-16T15:46:59.7483205 2025-10-07T13:39:19.1766768 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Martyn J. Wood 0000-0002-3229-7932 1 Sare I. Yavaşoğlu 0000-0002-9055-1556 2 James Bull 0000-0002-4373-6830 3 Serkan Bakırcı 4 Kanagasooriyam Kanagachandran 5 Tariq Butt 0000-0002-8789-9543 6 70604__35372__7c55e01f14ae43a1b21b87be5e22da1a.pdf 70604.VoR.pdf 2025-10-16T15:36:24.2151018 Output 1957142 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus
spellingShingle	A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus James Bull Tariq Butt
title_short	A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus
title_full	A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus
title_fullStr	A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus
title_full_unstemmed	A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus
title_sort	A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus
author_id_str_mv	20742518482c020c80b81b88e5313356 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece
author_id_fullname_str_mv	20742518482c020c80b81b88e5313356_*_James Bull 85d1c2ddde272a1176e74978e25ebece_*_Tariq Butt
author	James Bull Tariq Butt
author2	Martyn J. Wood Sare I. Yavaşoğlu James Bull Serkan Bakırcı Kanagasooriyam Kanagachandran Tariq Butt
format	Journal article
container_title	Pest Management Science
container_volume	0
publishDate	2025
institution	Swansea University
issn	1526-498X 1526-4998
doi_str_mv	10.1002/ps.70296
publisher	Wiley
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str	School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description	Ixodes ricinus and Hyalomma excavatum are two widely dispersed vectors of pathogens, including those that cause Lyme disease and Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in the human population. Recently developed, plant-derived, mosquito-repellent blends have shown promise against other vector clades, and this study assesses these blends as potential tick repellents. Blends of (+)-borneol, bornyl acetate, eugenol, isoeugenol and camphor were assessed in two formats: blends 3 and 4. Ticks were assessed using the moving object bioassay (Ixodes) or a dual-choice behavioural assay (Hyalomma). Both blends were compared against negative controls and four commercially available synthetic repellents: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpropylstyrene 1-piperidine carboxylate) (Picaridin), 3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)-amino-propionic acid ethyl ester (IR3535) and p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD). Results demonstrate the efficacies of blends 3 and 4; moreover, both were more effective than the commercial repellents (P < 0.05). Blend 3 was marginally more effective than blend 4, and differences in the repellent action were noted for each of the tick species, suggesting broad-spectrum vector-repellent activities, irrespective of life strategy. Overall, this work demonstrates the clear potential of blends 3 and 4 as tick repellents that offer an improved vector response over currently available commercial repellents. Furthermore, that the same repellent blends are capable of tick repellency in addition to mosquito repellency, offers the potential for widely dispersed usage across a range of integrated vector management strategies.
published_date	2025-10-16T05:31:13Z
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score	11.089386

A natural barrier: tick-repellent potential of a spruce-derived volatile blend against Hyalomma excavatum and Ixodes ricinus

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