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Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines

Michael Burgum, Stephen Evans Orcid Logo, Ilaria Zanoni, Magda Blosi, Gareth Jenkins Orcid Logo, shareen Doak

Mutagenesis

Swansea University Authors: Michael Burgum, Stephen Evans Orcid Logo, Gareth Jenkins Orcid Logo, shareen Doak

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DOI (Published version): 10.1093/mutage/geaf021

Abstract

Nanoparticle genotoxicity can be induced through several mechanisms, but there are currently no nanoparticle positive controls available for the evaluation of in vitro genotoxicity. Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC/Co) has been proposed as one possible candidate. The aim of this study was therefore to in...

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Published in: Mutagenesis
ISSN: 0267-8357 1464-3804
Published: Oxford University Press (OUP) 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70577
first_indexed 2025-10-06T08:48:48Z
last_indexed 2025-12-09T14:19:00Z
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Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC/Co) has been proposed as one possible candidate. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the genotoxic profile of WC/Co (Co 8% wt.) utilising the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay, the mammalian cell gene mutation test, and comet assay following a 24-hour exposure. This was conducted in human lymphoblast (TK6) and Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells. No cytotoxicity was observed in the TK6 CBMN assay even when significant induction of micronuclei was observed at 100 &#x3BC;g/ml (2-fold over control). In contrast, V79-4 cells demonstrated no significant genotoxicity or cytotoxicity in the CBMN assay. In the gene mutation assay significant mutagenicity was observed in V79-4 cells at 100 &#x3BC;g/ml (2-fold over control). Cellular uptake of the WC/Co nanoparticles was not qualitatively detected in either cell type when investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No genotoxicity was observed in either cell type with the comet assay. The data generated indicates that WC/Co nanoparticles may be used as a positive particulate control in the CBMN assay when using TK6 cells only; whilst in the gene mutation assay it can be used as a positive control for V79-4 cells. 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spelling 2025-12-08T16:05:05.2563001 v2 70577 2025-10-06 Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines d3fe156a5ee169e586b8bad6ae4cb1d8 Michael Burgum Michael Burgum true false cfca981bdfb8492873a48cc1629def9a 0000-0002-5352-9800 Stephen Evans Stephen Evans true false a44095d26187304e903da7ca778697b6 0000-0002-5437-8389 Gareth Jenkins Gareth Jenkins true false 8f70286908f67238a527a98cbf66d387 shareen Doak shareen Doak true false 2025-10-06 MEDS Nanoparticle genotoxicity can be induced through several mechanisms, but there are currently no nanoparticle positive controls available for the evaluation of in vitro genotoxicity. Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC/Co) has been proposed as one possible candidate. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the genotoxic profile of WC/Co (Co 8% wt.) utilising the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay, the mammalian cell gene mutation test, and comet assay following a 24-hour exposure. This was conducted in human lymphoblast (TK6) and Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells. No cytotoxicity was observed in the TK6 CBMN assay even when significant induction of micronuclei was observed at 100 μg/ml (2-fold over control). In contrast, V79-4 cells demonstrated no significant genotoxicity or cytotoxicity in the CBMN assay. In the gene mutation assay significant mutagenicity was observed in V79-4 cells at 100 μg/ml (2-fold over control). Cellular uptake of the WC/Co nanoparticles was not qualitatively detected in either cell type when investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No genotoxicity was observed in either cell type with the comet assay. The data generated indicates that WC/Co nanoparticles may be used as a positive particulate control in the CBMN assay when using TK6 cells only; whilst in the gene mutation assay it can be used as a positive control for V79-4 cells. However, its use as a particle positive control is only possible when applying the highest test concentration of 100 μg/ml. Journal Article Mutagenesis 0 Oxford University Press (OUP) 0267-8357 1464-3804 genotoxicity, in vitro, Tungsten carbide-cobalt 3 10 2025 2025-10-03 10.1093/mutage/geaf021 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) The lead author would like to thank the United Kingdom Environmental Mutagen Society (UKEMS) for awarding the Small Grants Bursary. The authors would like to acknowledge this research has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program for the RiskGONE project, grant agreement 814425. Stephen J Evans was supported by the Celtic Advanced Life Science Innovation Network, an Ireland-Wales 2014-2020 programme part funded by the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government (80885). The authors would like to acknowledge that Magda Blosi and Ilaria Zanoni were part funded by the SUNSHINE project, grant agreement 952924. 2025-12-08T16:05:05.2563001 2025-10-06T08:58:10.3234173 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science Michael Burgum 1 Stephen Evans 0000-0002-5352-9800 2 Ilaria Zanoni 3 Magda Blosi 4 Gareth Jenkins 0000-0002-5437-8389 5 shareen Doak 6
title Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines
spellingShingle Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines
Michael Burgum
Stephen Evans
Gareth Jenkins
shareen Doak
title_short Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines
title_full Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines
title_fullStr Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines
title_full_unstemmed Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines
title_sort Tungsten carbide-cobalt can function as a particle positive control for genotoxicity <i>in vitro</i> in specific cell lines
author_id_str_mv d3fe156a5ee169e586b8bad6ae4cb1d8
cfca981bdfb8492873a48cc1629def9a
a44095d26187304e903da7ca778697b6
8f70286908f67238a527a98cbf66d387
author_id_fullname_str_mv d3fe156a5ee169e586b8bad6ae4cb1d8_***_Michael Burgum
cfca981bdfb8492873a48cc1629def9a_***_Stephen Evans
a44095d26187304e903da7ca778697b6_***_Gareth Jenkins
8f70286908f67238a527a98cbf66d387_***_shareen Doak
author Michael Burgum
Stephen Evans
Gareth Jenkins
shareen Doak
author2 Michael Burgum
Stephen Evans
Ilaria Zanoni
Magda Blosi
Gareth Jenkins
shareen Doak
format Journal article
container_title Mutagenesis
container_volume 0
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0267-8357
1464-3804
doi_str_mv 10.1093/mutage/geaf021
publisher Oxford University Press (OUP)
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Nanoparticle genotoxicity can be induced through several mechanisms, but there are currently no nanoparticle positive controls available for the evaluation of in vitro genotoxicity. Tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC/Co) has been proposed as one possible candidate. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the genotoxic profile of WC/Co (Co 8% wt.) utilising the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay, the mammalian cell gene mutation test, and comet assay following a 24-hour exposure. This was conducted in human lymphoblast (TK6) and Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells. No cytotoxicity was observed in the TK6 CBMN assay even when significant induction of micronuclei was observed at 100 μg/ml (2-fold over control). In contrast, V79-4 cells demonstrated no significant genotoxicity or cytotoxicity in the CBMN assay. In the gene mutation assay significant mutagenicity was observed in V79-4 cells at 100 μg/ml (2-fold over control). Cellular uptake of the WC/Co nanoparticles was not qualitatively detected in either cell type when investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). No genotoxicity was observed in either cell type with the comet assay. The data generated indicates that WC/Co nanoparticles may be used as a positive particulate control in the CBMN assay when using TK6 cells only; whilst in the gene mutation assay it can be used as a positive control for V79-4 cells. However, its use as a particle positive control is only possible when applying the highest test concentration of 100 μg/ml.
published_date 2025-10-03T05:31:11Z
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score 11.089386

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