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Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation

L.J Roberts, J Taylor, C. Garcia de Leaniz, Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Orcid Logo

Biological Conservation, Volume: 144, Issue: 7, Pages: 1972 - 1979

Swansea University Author: Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.017

Abstract

Hatcheries often produce bold fish that are maladapted to survive in the wild, as absence of predators and selection for fast growth tend to favour risk-taking behaviors. Not surprisingly, losses of hatchery fish through predation can be high immediately after release and this may account for the fa...

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Published in: Biological Conservation
ISSN: 0006-3207
Published: 2011
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa7053
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2016-09-07T14:47:58.7204374</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>7053</id><entry>2012-02-23</entry><title>Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-1650-2729</ORCID><firstname>Carlos</firstname><surname>Garcia De Leaniz</surname><name>Carlos Garcia De Leaniz</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2012-02-23</date><deptcode>SBI</deptcode><abstract>Hatcheries often produce bold fish that are maladapted to survive in the wild, as absence of predators and selection for fast growth tend to favour risk-taking behaviors. Not surprisingly, losses of hatchery fish through predation can be high immediately after release and this may account for the failure of many ex-situ fish conservation programmes. For supportive-breeding to be useful, it is essential that released fish are able to display natural behaviors. We compared the performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon reared in environmentally-enriched tanks receiving natural prey and subjected to simulated predator attacks with fish reared under standard hatchery conditions while keeping densities constant. No differences were detected between controls and environmentally enriched fish in survival, final size or nutritional status. Yet, changes in rearing conditions had rapid and marked effects on risk-taking behavior. Environmentally enriched fish were 2.1 times less willing, and took significantly longer to leave shelter, than controls within two weeks of enrichment. Thus our study indicates that it is possible through environmental enrichment to modify at least one component of fishes&#x2019; behavior known to have clear adaptive implications, i.e. the propensity of hatchery-reared fish to take excessive risks. Ex-situ conservation could therefore benefit from rearing fish in naturalized, structurally complex environments with natural prey to promote the development of more natural behaviors.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Biological Conservation</journal><volume>144</volume><journalNumber>7</journalNumber><paginationStart>1972</paginationStart><paginationEnd>1979</paginationEnd><publisher/><issnPrint>0006-3207</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Boldness, Anti-predatory behaviour, Captive-breeding, Maladaptation, Salmonid conservation, Environmental enrichment</keywords><publishedDay>31</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2011</publishedYear><publishedDate>2011-12-31</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.017</doi><url/><notes>CGL is corresponding author. First author was his PhD student The author made a substantial contribution to : (a)1. The conception and design of the study;2. The organisation of the conduct of the study;3. The analysis and interpretation of study data.as well as (b) The author helped draft the output;</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>SBI</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2016-09-07T14:47:58.7204374</lastEdited><Created>2012-02-23T17:02:00.0000000</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>L.J</firstname><surname>Roberts</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>J</firstname><surname>Taylor</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>C.</firstname><surname>Garcia de Leaniz</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Carlos</firstname><surname>Garcia De Leaniz</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1650-2729</orcid><order>4</order></author></authors><documents/><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2016-09-07T14:47:58.7204374 v2 7053 2012-02-23 Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation 1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02 0000-0003-1650-2729 Carlos Garcia De Leaniz Carlos Garcia De Leaniz true false 2012-02-23 SBI Hatcheries often produce bold fish that are maladapted to survive in the wild, as absence of predators and selection for fast growth tend to favour risk-taking behaviors. Not surprisingly, losses of hatchery fish through predation can be high immediately after release and this may account for the failure of many ex-situ fish conservation programmes. For supportive-breeding to be useful, it is essential that released fish are able to display natural behaviors. We compared the performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon reared in environmentally-enriched tanks receiving natural prey and subjected to simulated predator attacks with fish reared under standard hatchery conditions while keeping densities constant. No differences were detected between controls and environmentally enriched fish in survival, final size or nutritional status. Yet, changes in rearing conditions had rapid and marked effects on risk-taking behavior. Environmentally enriched fish were 2.1 times less willing, and took significantly longer to leave shelter, than controls within two weeks of enrichment. Thus our study indicates that it is possible through environmental enrichment to modify at least one component of fishes’ behavior known to have clear adaptive implications, i.e. the propensity of hatchery-reared fish to take excessive risks. Ex-situ conservation could therefore benefit from rearing fish in naturalized, structurally complex environments with natural prey to promote the development of more natural behaviors. Journal Article Biological Conservation 144 7 1972 1979 0006-3207 Boldness, Anti-predatory behaviour, Captive-breeding, Maladaptation, Salmonid conservation, Environmental enrichment 31 12 2011 2011-12-31 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.017 CGL is corresponding author. First author was his PhD student The author made a substantial contribution to : (a)1. The conception and design of the study;2. The organisation of the conduct of the study;3. The analysis and interpretation of study data.as well as (b) The author helped draft the output; COLLEGE NANME Biosciences COLLEGE CODE SBI Swansea University 2016-09-07T14:47:58.7204374 2012-02-23T17:02:00.0000000 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences L.J Roberts 1 J Taylor 2 C. Garcia de Leaniz 3 Carlos Garcia De Leaniz 0000-0003-1650-2729 4
title Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation
spellingShingle Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation
Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
title_short Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation
title_full Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation
title_fullStr Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation
title_full_unstemmed Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation
title_sort Environmental enrichment reduces maladaptive risk-taking behavior in salmon reared for conservation
author_id_str_mv 1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02
author_id_fullname_str_mv 1c70acd0fd64edb0856b7cf34393ab02_***_Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
author Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
author2 L.J Roberts
J Taylor
C. Garcia de Leaniz
Carlos Garcia De Leaniz
format Journal article
container_title Biological Conservation
container_volume 144
container_issue 7
container_start_page 1972
publishDate 2011
institution Swansea University
issn 0006-3207
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.04.017
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Hatcheries often produce bold fish that are maladapted to survive in the wild, as absence of predators and selection for fast growth tend to favour risk-taking behaviors. Not surprisingly, losses of hatchery fish through predation can be high immediately after release and this may account for the failure of many ex-situ fish conservation programmes. For supportive-breeding to be useful, it is essential that released fish are able to display natural behaviors. We compared the performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon reared in environmentally-enriched tanks receiving natural prey and subjected to simulated predator attacks with fish reared under standard hatchery conditions while keeping densities constant. No differences were detected between controls and environmentally enriched fish in survival, final size or nutritional status. Yet, changes in rearing conditions had rapid and marked effects on risk-taking behavior. Environmentally enriched fish were 2.1 times less willing, and took significantly longer to leave shelter, than controls within two weeks of enrichment. Thus our study indicates that it is possible through environmental enrichment to modify at least one component of fishes’ behavior known to have clear adaptive implications, i.e. the propensity of hatchery-reared fish to take excessive risks. Ex-situ conservation could therefore benefit from rearing fish in naturalized, structurally complex environments with natural prey to promote the development of more natural behaviors.
published_date 2011-12-31T03:08:43Z
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score 11.013731

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