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Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications

Alla Silkina Orcid Logo, Jose Gayo Pelaez, Kam Tang Orcid Logo

Algal Research, Volume: 91, Start page: 104330

Swansea University Authors: Alla Silkina Orcid Logo, Jose Gayo Pelaez, Kam Tang Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.algal.2025.104330

Abstract

Different methods exist for preserving microalgal biomass, but their relative effectiveness in maintaining the integrity of key biochemical constituents over an extended period of time remains unclear. This study compared the performance of different methods (refrigeration, freezing, freeze-drying,...

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Published in: Algal Research
ISSN: 2211-9264
Published: Elsevier BV 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70465
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last_indexed 2025-10-07T04:21:36Z
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spelling 2025-10-06T09:59:01.3490834 v2 70465 2025-09-24 Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications 216d36449db09ed98c6971a2254a2457 0000-0002-1804-8083 Alla Silkina Alla Silkina true false e680067384fc331cd55536e3ad6f82ea Jose Gayo Pelaez Jose Gayo Pelaez true false 69af43a3b9da24aef65c5d3a44956fe3 0000-0001-9427-9564 Kam Tang Kam Tang true false 2025-09-24 BGPS Different methods exist for preserving microalgal biomass, but their relative effectiveness in maintaining the integrity of key biochemical constituents over an extended period of time remains unclear. This study compared the performance of different methods (refrigeration, freezing, freeze-drying, spray-drying, and oven-drying) for preserving different biochemical fractions (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, chlorophyll a and carotenoids) of two commercially important microalgal species, Scenedesmus (Tetradesmus) obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris, over 43 days. Results show compound-specific and species-specific differences in degradation. In this study, carbohydrates in S. obliquus were best preserved by freezing, lipids by spray-drying, and proteins by freeze-drying. In contrast, carbohydrates and lipids in C. vulgaris were best preserved by oven-drying, and proteins by spray-drying. A decision chart based on different percent loss values aid operators to select the optimal preservation method, especially in cases where microalgal biomass is to be used to extract multiple chemical fractions. Beyond biochemical integrity, industrial-scale operations must also consider factors such as capital investment, energy consumption, labor and material costs, processing time and material loss. For example, oven-drying is inexpensive but has a long processing time, whereas spray-drying, while requiring higher capital and skill investment, has a fast throughput that may be more preferable in a competitive commercial space. This article provides practical recommendations for selecting appropriate preservation methods for algal biomass in both commercial and laboratory contexts, based on which a decision chart was formulated to aid operators in choosing the most appropriate preservation method. Journal Article Algal Research 91 104330 Elsevier BV 2211-9264 Microalgal biomass; Drying methods; Biochemical composition preservation; Lipid stability 1 10 2025 2025-10-01 10.1016/j.algal.2025.104330 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) 2025-10-06T09:59:01.3490834 2025-09-24T10:44:03.7954596 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Alla Silkina 0000-0002-1804-8083 1 Jose Gayo Pelaez 2 Kam Tang 0000-0001-9427-9564 3 70465__35248__612cf51a2ea443738e199a369a325844.pdf 70465.VoR.pdf 2025-10-06T09:52:29.4527375 Output 1331986 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications
spellingShingle Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications
Alla Silkina
Jose Gayo Pelaez
Kam Tang
title_short Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications
title_full Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications
title_fullStr Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications
title_full_unstemmed Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications
title_sort Assessing different methods to preserve biochemical fractions in microalgal biomass for commercial applications
author_id_str_mv 216d36449db09ed98c6971a2254a2457
e680067384fc331cd55536e3ad6f82ea
69af43a3b9da24aef65c5d3a44956fe3
author_id_fullname_str_mv 216d36449db09ed98c6971a2254a2457_***_Alla Silkina
e680067384fc331cd55536e3ad6f82ea_***_Jose Gayo Pelaez
69af43a3b9da24aef65c5d3a44956fe3_***_Kam Tang
author Alla Silkina
Jose Gayo Pelaez
Kam Tang
author2 Alla Silkina
Jose Gayo Pelaez
Kam Tang
format Journal article
container_title Algal Research
container_volume 91
container_start_page 104330
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2211-9264
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.algal.2025.104330
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description Different methods exist for preserving microalgal biomass, but their relative effectiveness in maintaining the integrity of key biochemical constituents over an extended period of time remains unclear. This study compared the performance of different methods (refrigeration, freezing, freeze-drying, spray-drying, and oven-drying) for preserving different biochemical fractions (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, chlorophyll a and carotenoids) of two commercially important microalgal species, Scenedesmus (Tetradesmus) obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris, over 43 days. Results show compound-specific and species-specific differences in degradation. In this study, carbohydrates in S. obliquus were best preserved by freezing, lipids by spray-drying, and proteins by freeze-drying. In contrast, carbohydrates and lipids in C. vulgaris were best preserved by oven-drying, and proteins by spray-drying. A decision chart based on different percent loss values aid operators to select the optimal preservation method, especially in cases where microalgal biomass is to be used to extract multiple chemical fractions. Beyond biochemical integrity, industrial-scale operations must also consider factors such as capital investment, energy consumption, labor and material costs, processing time and material loss. For example, oven-drying is inexpensive but has a long processing time, whereas spray-drying, while requiring higher capital and skill investment, has a fast throughput that may be more preferable in a competitive commercial space. This article provides practical recommendations for selecting appropriate preservation methods for algal biomass in both commercial and laboratory contexts, based on which a decision chart was formulated to aid operators in choosing the most appropriate preservation method.
published_date 2025-10-01T05:32:59Z
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