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Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs

Sophie O. Vineberg, Paul Albert Orcid Logo, Danielle McLean, Takehiko Suzuki, Yasuo Miyabuchi, Hideo Hoshizumi, Hannah Buckland, Gwydion Jones, Fumikatsu Nishizawa, Richard A. Staff, Keitaro Yamada, Ikuko Kitaba, Junko Kitagawa, Christina J. Manning, Takeshi Nakagawa, Victoria C. Smith

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Volume: 468, Start page: 108436

Swansea University Authors: Paul Albert Orcid Logo, Hannah Buckland, Gwydion Jones

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108436

Abstract

Aso caldera in central Kyushu, SW Japan, is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in the world. The Aso system has experienced four caldera-forming eruptions (Aso-1 to −4) and inter-caldera activity from multiple central cones. This study provides detailed glass geochemistry of previously unc...

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Published in: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
ISSN: 0377-0273 1872-6097
Published: Elsevier BV 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70326
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The Aso system has experienced four caldera-forming eruptions (Aso-1 to &#x2212;4) and inter-caldera activity from multiple central cones. This study provides detailed glass geochemistry of previously uncharacterised near-source, predominantly silicic, tephra units so that they can be correlated to ashfall layers preserved in distally located sedimentary records. Here the near-source glass data from twenty eruption deposits are integrated with the distal tephra fall deposits recorded in the high-resolution Lake Suigetsu record (situated approximately 525&#x202F;km to the north-east), to better constrain the eruption timing, frequency, and ash dispersal of pre-30&#x202F;ka Aso eruptions. The glass chemistry of these large Aso eruptions typically straddles the trachy-dacitic to rhyolitic compositional boundary. While some units share overlapping or similar glass chemistries, many can be distinguished from each other using major (SiO2, K2O, CaO and FeOt) and trace element (Sr) contents. The newly available near-source volcanic glass dataset has enabled the identification and correlation of an additional six tephra and cryptotephra deposits within the Lake Suigetsu record to known Aso eruptions. Consequently, nine of the twenty deposits in the Lake Suigetsu record (SG06/SG14 cores) displaying an Aso glass composition have now been correlated to near-source eruption units; these include, from youngest to oldest: Aso-Kpfa, Upper ACP4, Lower ACP4, ACP6, YmP5, Aso-4, Aso-ABCD, Aso-EF and Aso-HI. Significantly, the identification of these tephra deposits in Lake Suigetsu provides improved age estimates for the eruptions, and helps constrain the repose periods between eruptions; for instance ~400&#x202F;years are resolved between two eruptions associated with the ACP4 Plinian activities. Our integrated proximal-distal record also indicates a higher frequency of activity in the 10 kyrs leading up to Aso-4 caldera-forming eruption. Eleven Aso-derived eruption deposits in the Lake Suigetsu record have not yet been recognised in the exposed near-vent sequences, perhaps suggesting that Aso caldera has been responsible for more silicic high-intensity eruptions and widespread ashfall events than previously thought. 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spelling 2025-10-24T13:55:15.4861954 v2 70326 2025-09-11 Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs 7f8db9327402511d4d92849cb79af644 0000-0002-6757-1452 Paul Albert Paul Albert true false 4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1 Hannah Buckland Hannah Buckland true false 60e37970b281337e44731ed4c197e930 Gwydion Jones Gwydion Jones true false 2025-09-11 BGPS Aso caldera in central Kyushu, SW Japan, is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in the world. The Aso system has experienced four caldera-forming eruptions (Aso-1 to −4) and inter-caldera activity from multiple central cones. This study provides detailed glass geochemistry of previously uncharacterised near-source, predominantly silicic, tephra units so that they can be correlated to ashfall layers preserved in distally located sedimentary records. Here the near-source glass data from twenty eruption deposits are integrated with the distal tephra fall deposits recorded in the high-resolution Lake Suigetsu record (situated approximately 525 km to the north-east), to better constrain the eruption timing, frequency, and ash dispersal of pre-30 ka Aso eruptions. The glass chemistry of these large Aso eruptions typically straddles the trachy-dacitic to rhyolitic compositional boundary. While some units share overlapping or similar glass chemistries, many can be distinguished from each other using major (SiO2, K2O, CaO and FeOt) and trace element (Sr) contents. The newly available near-source volcanic glass dataset has enabled the identification and correlation of an additional six tephra and cryptotephra deposits within the Lake Suigetsu record to known Aso eruptions. Consequently, nine of the twenty deposits in the Lake Suigetsu record (SG06/SG14 cores) displaying an Aso glass composition have now been correlated to near-source eruption units; these include, from youngest to oldest: Aso-Kpfa, Upper ACP4, Lower ACP4, ACP6, YmP5, Aso-4, Aso-ABCD, Aso-EF and Aso-HI. Significantly, the identification of these tephra deposits in Lake Suigetsu provides improved age estimates for the eruptions, and helps constrain the repose periods between eruptions; for instance ~400 years are resolved between two eruptions associated with the ACP4 Plinian activities. Our integrated proximal-distal record also indicates a higher frequency of activity in the 10 kyrs leading up to Aso-4 caldera-forming eruption. Eleven Aso-derived eruption deposits in the Lake Suigetsu record have not yet been recognised in the exposed near-vent sequences, perhaps suggesting that Aso caldera has been responsible for more silicic high-intensity eruptions and widespread ashfall events than previously thought. This research demonstrates the merit of integrating proximal-distal records to better constrain eruption timing, frequencies and ash dispersals of pre-historic events. Journal Article Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 468 108436 Elsevier BV 0377-0273 1872-6097 Aso; Aso-4; Tephra; Volcanic glass geochemistry; Cryptotephra; Lake Suigetsu; Eruption history 1 12 2025 2025-12-01 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108436 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) S.O.V. is funded by NERC as part of the Environmental Research Doctoral Training Programme at the University of Oxford (NERC; NE/S007474/1). This research was funded through a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship (FLF) awarded to P.G.A (MR/S035478/1 and MR/Y011767/1), which also supported D.M., H.M.B and G.J. Furthermore, V.C.S and T.N. acknowledge funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS; KAKENHI-15H021443). The SG06 coring campaign was funded by the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC; NE/ D000289/1) New Investigators Award to T.N. The Fukui-SG14 coring campaign was funded by the Fukui Prefectural government, Japan. T.S. acknowledges funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS; KAKENHI-22H02380). D.M was supported by a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2020-151) and the John Fell Fund (#9438) at the University of Oxford. F.N. acknowledges funding from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS; KAKENHI-JP19K13438). 2025-10-24T13:55:15.4861954 2025-09-11T09:50:53.3190264 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Sophie O. Vineberg 1 Paul Albert 0000-0002-6757-1452 2 Danielle McLean 3 Takehiko Suzuki 4 Yasuo Miyabuchi 5 Hideo Hoshizumi 6 Hannah Buckland 7 Gwydion Jones 8 Fumikatsu Nishizawa 9 Richard A. Staff 10 Keitaro Yamada 11 Ikuko Kitaba 12 Junko Kitagawa 13 Christina J. Manning 14 Takeshi Nakagawa 15 Victoria C. Smith 16 70326__35471__86ae961e59f34dea8ddeecdf075f6462.pdf 70326.VOR.pdf 2025-10-24T13:29:13.3016100 Output 34058865 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs
spellingShingle Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs
Paul Albert
Hannah Buckland
Gwydion Jones
title_short Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs
title_full Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs
title_fullStr Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs
title_full_unstemmed Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs
title_sort Revealing the timing and dispersal of large explosive eruptions at Aso volcano (Japan) by integrating proximal and distal tephra records over the last 130 kyrs
author_id_str_mv 7f8db9327402511d4d92849cb79af644
4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1
60e37970b281337e44731ed4c197e930
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7f8db9327402511d4d92849cb79af644_***_Paul Albert
4d83612aadea6e42dd9bd1b665f22eb1_***_Hannah Buckland
60e37970b281337e44731ed4c197e930_***_Gwydion Jones
author Paul Albert
Hannah Buckland
Gwydion Jones
author2 Sophie O. Vineberg
Paul Albert
Danielle McLean
Takehiko Suzuki
Yasuo Miyabuchi
Hideo Hoshizumi
Hannah Buckland
Gwydion Jones
Fumikatsu Nishizawa
Richard A. Staff
Keitaro Yamada
Ikuko Kitaba
Junko Kitagawa
Christina J. Manning
Takeshi Nakagawa
Victoria C. Smith
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research
container_volume 468
container_start_page 108436
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0377-0273
1872-6097
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108436
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Aso caldera in central Kyushu, SW Japan, is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in the world. The Aso system has experienced four caldera-forming eruptions (Aso-1 to −4) and inter-caldera activity from multiple central cones. This study provides detailed glass geochemistry of previously uncharacterised near-source, predominantly silicic, tephra units so that they can be correlated to ashfall layers preserved in distally located sedimentary records. Here the near-source glass data from twenty eruption deposits are integrated with the distal tephra fall deposits recorded in the high-resolution Lake Suigetsu record (situated approximately 525 km to the north-east), to better constrain the eruption timing, frequency, and ash dispersal of pre-30 ka Aso eruptions. The glass chemistry of these large Aso eruptions typically straddles the trachy-dacitic to rhyolitic compositional boundary. While some units share overlapping or similar glass chemistries, many can be distinguished from each other using major (SiO2, K2O, CaO and FeOt) and trace element (Sr) contents. The newly available near-source volcanic glass dataset has enabled the identification and correlation of an additional six tephra and cryptotephra deposits within the Lake Suigetsu record to known Aso eruptions. Consequently, nine of the twenty deposits in the Lake Suigetsu record (SG06/SG14 cores) displaying an Aso glass composition have now been correlated to near-source eruption units; these include, from youngest to oldest: Aso-Kpfa, Upper ACP4, Lower ACP4, ACP6, YmP5, Aso-4, Aso-ABCD, Aso-EF and Aso-HI. Significantly, the identification of these tephra deposits in Lake Suigetsu provides improved age estimates for the eruptions, and helps constrain the repose periods between eruptions; for instance ~400 years are resolved between two eruptions associated with the ACP4 Plinian activities. Our integrated proximal-distal record also indicates a higher frequency of activity in the 10 kyrs leading up to Aso-4 caldera-forming eruption. Eleven Aso-derived eruption deposits in the Lake Suigetsu record have not yet been recognised in the exposed near-vent sequences, perhaps suggesting that Aso caldera has been responsible for more silicic high-intensity eruptions and widespread ashfall events than previously thought. This research demonstrates the merit of integrating proximal-distal records to better constrain eruption timing, frequencies and ash dispersals of pre-historic events.
published_date 2025-12-01T12:38:25Z
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