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Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study

Matthew Jones Orcid Logo, Pippa Boering, Kishan Patel, Daniel Leightley Orcid Logo, Simon Dymond Orcid Logo

BJPsych Open, Volume: 11, Issue: 6

Swansea University Author: Simon Dymond Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1192/bjo.2025.10867

Abstract

BackgroundGambling-related harm is a global public health concern. Suicide mortality is increased among people who experience gambling harm, and people who die by suicide often have contact with mental health treatment services in the months preceding their death.AimsTo assess via a case–control stu...

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Published in: BJPsych Open
ISSN: 2056-4724
Published: Royal College of Psychiatrists 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70259
first_indexed 2025-09-04T11:12:03Z
last_indexed 2025-10-10T21:29:52Z
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spelling 2025-10-09T12:41:33.1629524 v2 70259 2025-09-04 Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075 0000-0003-1319-4492 Simon Dymond Simon Dymond true false 2025-09-04 PSYS BackgroundGambling-related harm is a global public health concern. Suicide mortality is increased among people who experience gambling harm, and people who die by suicide often have contact with mental health treatment services in the months preceding their death.AimsTo assess via a case–control study how gambling diagnosis predicts suicidal death and mental healthcare utilisation using linked routinely collected healthcare data.MethodWe linked the Welsh Longitudinal General Practice Dataset, Annual District Death Extract, Patient Episode Database for Wales, and Outpatient Appointments Dataset Wales using the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. A sample of individuals with gambling diagnosis who died by suicide and an age- and sex-matched comparator group of all-cause decedents between 1993 and 2023 were extracted. Predictors of suicidal death, including mental health diagnosis and treatment contacts, were analysed using binary logistic regression models and chi-squared tests.ResultsA matched cohort of 92 individuals diagnosed with a gambling diagnosis (mean age 61.5 years, s.d. 13.1; 71% male) who died by suicide and 2990 comparators were identified. Gambling diagnosis status was a significant predictor of suicide (odds ratio 30.94; 95% CI 3.57–268.28; P = 0.002). Individuals with gambling disorder had significantly more mental health treatment contacts (P < 0.001), particularly in-patient contacts (P < 0.001). No difference in out-patient contacts was found.ConclusionsHistorical diagnosis of gambling harm is a significant predictor of suicidal death and mental health treatment utilisation. Improved screening and coding practices would facilitate greater data linkage research on gambling-related suicide and suicide prevention. Journal Article BJPsych Open 11 6 Royal College of Psychiatrists 2056-4724 Gambling; suicide; routinely collected data; health records; mental health treatment 1 11 2025 2025-11-01 10.1192/bjo.2025.10867 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Greo Evidence Insights 2025-10-09T12:41:33.1629524 2025-09-04T12:09:57.9862241 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Matthew Jones 0000-0002-6974-8725 1 Pippa Boering 2 Kishan Patel 3 Daniel Leightley 0000-0001-9512-752x 4 Simon Dymond 0000-0003-1319-4492 5 70259__35286__cfeb48c298d24e62b3241ec4df6f1809.pdf 70259.VoR.pdf 2025-10-09T12:37:43.4459766 Output 312903 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s), 2025. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study
spellingShingle Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study
Simon Dymond
title_short Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study
title_full Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study
title_fullStr Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study
title_full_unstemmed Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study
title_sort Gambling, suicide and mental health treatment utilisation in Wales: case–control, whole-population-based study
author_id_str_mv 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075
author_id_fullname_str_mv 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075_***_Simon Dymond
author Simon Dymond
author2 Matthew Jones
Pippa Boering
Kishan Patel
Daniel Leightley
Simon Dymond
format Journal article
container_title BJPsych Open
container_volume 11
container_issue 6
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2056-4724
doi_str_mv 10.1192/bjo.2025.10867
publisher Royal College of Psychiatrists
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BackgroundGambling-related harm is a global public health concern. Suicide mortality is increased among people who experience gambling harm, and people who die by suicide often have contact with mental health treatment services in the months preceding their death.AimsTo assess via a case–control study how gambling diagnosis predicts suicidal death and mental healthcare utilisation using linked routinely collected healthcare data.MethodWe linked the Welsh Longitudinal General Practice Dataset, Annual District Death Extract, Patient Episode Database for Wales, and Outpatient Appointments Dataset Wales using the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. A sample of individuals with gambling diagnosis who died by suicide and an age- and sex-matched comparator group of all-cause decedents between 1993 and 2023 were extracted. Predictors of suicidal death, including mental health diagnosis and treatment contacts, were analysed using binary logistic regression models and chi-squared tests.ResultsA matched cohort of 92 individuals diagnosed with a gambling diagnosis (mean age 61.5 years, s.d. 13.1; 71% male) who died by suicide and 2990 comparators were identified. Gambling diagnosis status was a significant predictor of suicide (odds ratio 30.94; 95% CI 3.57–268.28; P = 0.002). Individuals with gambling disorder had significantly more mental health treatment contacts (P < 0.001), particularly in-patient contacts (P < 0.001). No difference in out-patient contacts was found.ConclusionsHistorical diagnosis of gambling harm is a significant predictor of suicidal death and mental health treatment utilisation. Improved screening and coding practices would facilitate greater data linkage research on gambling-related suicide and suicide prevention.
published_date 2025-11-01T05:30:25Z
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