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Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe / CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG

Swansea University Author: CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG

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Abstract

In the transition from fossil fuels to hydrogen, understanding the conditions and limitations of the pipelines that are currently in operation is important. Pre-1970s pipelines were designed before the development of current pipeline standards, and its data were not well-documented. Previously, vint...

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Published: Swansea University, Wales, UK 2025
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Sacket, E., and Rudd, T.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70084
first_indexed 2025-07-31T13:45:38Z
last_indexed 2025-08-01T14:34:01Z
id cronfa70084
recordtype RisThesis
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spelling 2025-07-31T14:45:36.5207111 v2 70084 2025-07-31 Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe ed8bce4411b8b173740cb739cf181444 CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG true false 2025-07-31 In the transition from fossil fuels to hydrogen, understanding the conditions and limitations of the pipelines that are currently in operation is important. Pre-1970s pipelines were designed before the development of current pipeline standards, and its data were not well-documented. Previously, vintage girth welds were tested and characterised, but there was still a knowledge gap regarding vintage seam welds.Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to characterise a section of vintage seam-welded gas pipe, determining their suitability to ongoing operation by testing and comparing weldment and parent metal from a section of pipe with modern weld quality and fatigue standards.The section of pipe tested was identified as buried vintage API 5L X52 mechanically electric-resistance-welded gas pipe and adhered to PSL-1. Four samples of the parent metal and two centred about the weld were extracted for testing.Within a weldment sample, four broad main regions were identified: the weld-line, coarse-grain heat-affected zone, fine-grain heat-affected zone, and parent metal. Through microhardness testing, all measured values fell under the maximum allowed value. The weld was the region of lowest hardness, and the fine-grain heat-affected zone was the region of greatest hardness. The samples endured fatigue testing that exceeded the minimum yield stress value for PSL-1, and a minimum of 150 years' worth of cycles, with the weldment sample outperforming the parent samples across numerous different stress ranges. The vintage weld sample exceeded a “D-curve” quality based on data from BS 7608. The lack of detected defects through use of NDT methods –ultrasonic phased array, x-ray radiography – suggest the weld-quality meets modern standards, and, despite detecting flaws that the scanning methods did not, the SEM and optical microscopy results still support the suggestion that the vintage pipe section meets the BS 7910 modern weld quality standard at a Q4 level. E-Thesis Swansea University, Wales, UK Vintage, seam, seam-welded, pipeline, steel, HAZ, X52, fatigue, characterisation 3 7 2025 2025-07-03 A selection of content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis to protect sensitive and personal information. COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Sacket, E., and Rudd, T. Master of Research MSc by Research UK Shared Prosperity Fund via the UK Government and Neath Port Talbot Council, UKOPA (the United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators’ Association) UK Shared Prosperity Fund via the UK Government and Neath Port Talbot Council, UKOPA (the United Kingdom Onshore Pipeline Operators’ Association) 2025-07-31T14:45:36.5207111 2025-07-31T14:39:03.5810600 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG 1 70084__34896__8b1edb6415bf40c388e8f2bf482c03b8.pdf 2025_Prescott-Tagg_C.final.70084.pdf 2025-07-31T14:44:33.5781779 Output 14406046 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Carrie Brisbane Prescott-Tagg, 2025 true eng
title Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe
spellingShingle Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe
CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG
title_short Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe
title_full Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe
title_fullStr Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe
title_sort Mechanical Properties of Vintage Seam-Welded Pipe
author_id_str_mv ed8bce4411b8b173740cb739cf181444
author_id_fullname_str_mv ed8bce4411b8b173740cb739cf181444_***_CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG
author CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG
author2 CARRIE PRESCOTT-TAGG
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 1
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description In the transition from fossil fuels to hydrogen, understanding the conditions and limitations of the pipelines that are currently in operation is important. Pre-1970s pipelines were designed before the development of current pipeline standards, and its data were not well-documented. Previously, vintage girth welds were tested and characterised, but there was still a knowledge gap regarding vintage seam welds.Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to characterise a section of vintage seam-welded gas pipe, determining their suitability to ongoing operation by testing and comparing weldment and parent metal from a section of pipe with modern weld quality and fatigue standards.The section of pipe tested was identified as buried vintage API 5L X52 mechanically electric-resistance-welded gas pipe and adhered to PSL-1. Four samples of the parent metal and two centred about the weld were extracted for testing.Within a weldment sample, four broad main regions were identified: the weld-line, coarse-grain heat-affected zone, fine-grain heat-affected zone, and parent metal. Through microhardness testing, all measured values fell under the maximum allowed value. The weld was the region of lowest hardness, and the fine-grain heat-affected zone was the region of greatest hardness. The samples endured fatigue testing that exceeded the minimum yield stress value for PSL-1, and a minimum of 150 years' worth of cycles, with the weldment sample outperforming the parent samples across numerous different stress ranges. The vintage weld sample exceeded a “D-curve” quality based on data from BS 7608. The lack of detected defects through use of NDT methods –ultrasonic phased array, x-ray radiography – suggest the weld-quality meets modern standards, and, despite detecting flaws that the scanning methods did not, the SEM and optical microscopy results still support the suggestion that the vintage pipe section meets the BS 7910 modern weld quality standard at a Q4 level.
published_date 2025-07-03T05:34:11Z
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score 11.103791

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