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Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis

Chloe Rayner, Samantha Treacy Orcid Logo, Glen Dighton Orcid Logo, Hannah Champion, Simon Dymond Orcid Logo

Current Addiction Reports, Volume: 12, Issue: 1, Start page: 64

Swansea University Authors: Chloe Rayner, Samantha Treacy Orcid Logo, Glen Dighton Orcid Logo, Hannah Champion, Simon Dymond Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s40429-025-00677-0

Abstract

Purpose of Review: This review evaluates the use of assessment and screening tools for gambling behaviour in military populations. Although military personnel and veterans face elevated risks, most available tools were developed for general populations and may not account for military-specific facto...

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Published in: Current Addiction Reports
ISSN: 2196-2952
Published: Springer Nature 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69868
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Although military personnel and veterans face elevated risks, most available tools were developed for general populations and may not account for military-specific factors. The review identifies the screening and assessment measures used in military population studies, assesses their psychometric properties, and highlights key methodological gaps through a structured gap analysis. Recent Findings: Across 46 studies, 28 screening or assessment tools were identified, including commonly used measures such as the PGSI, SOGS, BBGS, GRCS, MAGS, and NODS-CLiP. While these tools vary in length and purpose, none were specifically designed or validated for use with military populations. Validation studies showed inconsistent reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. Notably, no tools adequately reflected military-relevant issues such as deployment stress, occupational impact, or co-occurring mental health conditions. Barriers to accurate screening, including stigma and underreporting, further complicate assessment in this context. Summary: There is a critical need for the development of validated, military-specific screening and assessment tools that address the unique experiences and risks within this population. Existing measures may underestimate or misclassify gambling-related harm, limiting early identification and effective intervention. 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spelling 2025-11-10T12:37:10.9753830 v2 69868 2025-07-03 Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis 003a16f6daacf243932585b0cd37666e Chloe Rayner Chloe Rayner true false 53962bf646ea480d4309ff5b0405aba8 0000-0002-9755-7686 Samantha Treacy Samantha Treacy true false 2a413b069254b5edfb6509b4c3b41ad7 0000-0002-9283-5114 Glen Dighton Glen Dighton true false d5f918e504d7447d934c989e05362108 Hannah Champion Hannah Champion true false 8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075 0000-0003-1319-4492 Simon Dymond Simon Dymond true false 2025-07-03 MEDS Purpose of Review: This review evaluates the use of assessment and screening tools for gambling behaviour in military populations. Although military personnel and veterans face elevated risks, most available tools were developed for general populations and may not account for military-specific factors. The review identifies the screening and assessment measures used in military population studies, assesses their psychometric properties, and highlights key methodological gaps through a structured gap analysis. Recent Findings: Across 46 studies, 28 screening or assessment tools were identified, including commonly used measures such as the PGSI, SOGS, BBGS, GRCS, MAGS, and NODS-CLiP. While these tools vary in length and purpose, none were specifically designed or validated for use with military populations. Validation studies showed inconsistent reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. Notably, no tools adequately reflected military-relevant issues such as deployment stress, occupational impact, or co-occurring mental health conditions. Barriers to accurate screening, including stigma and underreporting, further complicate assessment in this context. Summary: There is a critical need for the development of validated, military-specific screening and assessment tools that address the unique experiences and risks within this population. Existing measures may underestimate or misclassify gambling-related harm, limiting early identification and effective intervention. Future research should prioritise the design and validation of tailored tools that can support accurate screening and assessment, reduce stigma, and inform better-targeted prevention and treatment strategies for military personnel and veterans. Journal Article Current Addiction Reports 12 1 64 Springer Nature 2196-2952 Gambling; Military; Veteran; Screening; Validation; Gap analysis 1 12 2025 2025-12-01 10.1007/s40429-025-00677-0 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Armed Forces Covenant Fund Trust; Gambling Commission; Greo Evidence Insights; Health and Care Research Wales (HCRW) 2025-11-10T12:37:10.9753830 2025-07-03T10:24:15.4758579 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Chloe Rayner 1 Samantha Treacy 0000-0002-9755-7686 2 Glen Dighton 0000-0002-9283-5114 3 Hannah Champion 4 Simon Dymond 0000-0003-1319-4492 5 69868__34845__1cf05239fb454a379c32749c8f7b39f7.pdf 69868.VOR.pdf 2025-07-25T15:34:23.2687639 Output 2151665 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis
spellingShingle Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis
Chloe Rayner
Samantha Treacy
Glen Dighton
Hannah Champion
Simon Dymond
title_short Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis
title_full Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis
title_fullStr Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis
title_sort Screening and Assessment of Gambling in Military Populations: A Systematic Review and Gap Analysis
author_id_str_mv 003a16f6daacf243932585b0cd37666e
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 003a16f6daacf243932585b0cd37666e_***_Chloe Rayner
53962bf646ea480d4309ff5b0405aba8_***_Samantha Treacy
2a413b069254b5edfb6509b4c3b41ad7_***_Glen Dighton
d5f918e504d7447d934c989e05362108_***_Hannah Champion
8ed0024546f2588fdb0073a7d6fbc075_***_Simon Dymond
author Chloe Rayner
Samantha Treacy
Glen Dighton
Hannah Champion
Simon Dymond
author2 Chloe Rayner
Samantha Treacy
Glen Dighton
Hannah Champion
Simon Dymond
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container_volume 12
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publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2196-2952
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s40429-025-00677-0
publisher Springer Nature
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
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description Purpose of Review: This review evaluates the use of assessment and screening tools for gambling behaviour in military populations. Although military personnel and veterans face elevated risks, most available tools were developed for general populations and may not account for military-specific factors. The review identifies the screening and assessment measures used in military population studies, assesses their psychometric properties, and highlights key methodological gaps through a structured gap analysis. Recent Findings: Across 46 studies, 28 screening or assessment tools were identified, including commonly used measures such as the PGSI, SOGS, BBGS, GRCS, MAGS, and NODS-CLiP. While these tools vary in length and purpose, none were specifically designed or validated for use with military populations. Validation studies showed inconsistent reliability, sensitivity, and specificity. Notably, no tools adequately reflected military-relevant issues such as deployment stress, occupational impact, or co-occurring mental health conditions. Barriers to accurate screening, including stigma and underreporting, further complicate assessment in this context. Summary: There is a critical need for the development of validated, military-specific screening and assessment tools that address the unique experiences and risks within this population. Existing measures may underestimate or misclassify gambling-related harm, limiting early identification and effective intervention. Future research should prioritise the design and validation of tailored tools that can support accurate screening and assessment, reduce stigma, and inform better-targeted prevention and treatment strategies for military personnel and veterans.
published_date 2025-12-01T05:29:19Z
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