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How and Why People Provision Primates

Sian Waters, Asmita Sengupta, Malene Friis Hansen, Andrew King Orcid Logo, Denise Spaan, Tracie McKinney, Amanda L. Ellwanger, Erin P. Riley, Joel Correa, Kurnia Ilham, Paula A. Pebsworth, Laëtitia Maréchal

IUCN Primate Specialist Group, Volume: 39

Swansea University Authors: Sian Waters, Andrew King Orcid Logo

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Abstract

Primates are provisioned by people in diverse contexts, with significant implications for humans, primates, and their ecosystems. Provisioning is a complex human-primate interaction shaped by numerous factors with both parties influencing each other’s behavior. In many cases, unregulated provisionin...

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Published in: IUCN Primate Specialist Group
ISSN: 0898-6207 2162-4232
Published: IUCN
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69669
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spelling 2025-07-15T15:34:35.8402163 v2 69669 2025-06-10 How and Why People Provision Primates 728bc7792ba1549d5c15da9277f61b4b Sian Waters Sian Waters true false cc115b4bc4672840f960acc1cb078642 0000-0002-6870-9767 Andrew King Andrew King true false 2025-06-10 Primates are provisioned by people in diverse contexts, with significant implications for humans, primates, and their ecosystems. Provisioning is a complex human-primate interaction shaped by numerous factors with both parties influencing each other’s behavior. In many cases, unregulated provisioning of primates is not problematic to either humans or primates. However, there are also many examples of negative consequences resulting from provisioning, which can lead to widespread media coverage, pressuring those responsible (for example, policymakers and local authorities) to resolve these issues. Current management strategies focus on signage and drastic methods such as the translocation of primate groups or population control. So far, however, these approaches have proven largely ineffective. Abrupt cessation of provisioning may harm primates by depriving them of food they rely on, and humans may be harmed by increasing negative encounters in other contexts. Research and management strategies often focus on the provisioned primates rather than their human provisioners, limiting the understanding of this interaction. To encourage a more balanced approach by conservation practitioners looking for ways to manage challenging situations, we examined the existing literature and incorporated personal observations from primate conservation practitioners on how and why people provision primates and the efficacy of existing management strategies. We suggest that using an ethnographic approach to understand the human dimension of this two-way interaction may pave the way for more innovative and effective strategies that can enhance both human and primate well-being in these contexts. Journal Article IUCN Primate Specialist Group 39 IUCN 0898-6207 2162-4232 0 0 0 0001-01-01 http://www.primate-sg.org/primate-conservation-39/ http://www.primate-sg.org/primate-conservation-39/ COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University 2025-07-15T15:34:35.8402163 2025-06-10T11:04:06.7921574 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Sian Waters 1 Asmita Sengupta 2 Malene Friis Hansen 3 Andrew King 0000-0002-6870-9767 4 Denise Spaan 5 Tracie McKinney 6 Amanda L. Ellwanger 7 Erin P. Riley 8 Joel Correa 9 Kurnia Ilham 10 Paula A. Pebsworth 11 Laëtitia Maréchal 12 69669__34444__d6b07fee3a164dbdb7c2e51e52d84499.pdf 69669.pdf 2025-06-10T11:10:13.0459795 Output 1827972 application/pdf Version of Record true false
title How and Why People Provision Primates
spellingShingle How and Why People Provision Primates
Sian Waters
Andrew King
title_short How and Why People Provision Primates
title_full How and Why People Provision Primates
title_fullStr How and Why People Provision Primates
title_full_unstemmed How and Why People Provision Primates
title_sort How and Why People Provision Primates
author_id_str_mv 728bc7792ba1549d5c15da9277f61b4b
cc115b4bc4672840f960acc1cb078642
author_id_fullname_str_mv 728bc7792ba1549d5c15da9277f61b4b_***_Sian Waters
cc115b4bc4672840f960acc1cb078642_***_Andrew King
author Sian Waters
Andrew King
author2 Sian Waters
Asmita Sengupta
Malene Friis Hansen
Andrew King
Denise Spaan
Tracie McKinney
Amanda L. Ellwanger
Erin P. Riley
Joel Correa
Kurnia Ilham
Paula A. Pebsworth
Laëtitia Maréchal
format Journal article
container_title IUCN Primate Specialist Group
container_volume 39
institution Swansea University
issn 0898-6207
2162-4232
publisher IUCN
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
url http://www.primate-sg.org/primate-conservation-39/
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description Primates are provisioned by people in diverse contexts, with significant implications for humans, primates, and their ecosystems. Provisioning is a complex human-primate interaction shaped by numerous factors with both parties influencing each other’s behavior. In many cases, unregulated provisioning of primates is not problematic to either humans or primates. However, there are also many examples of negative consequences resulting from provisioning, which can lead to widespread media coverage, pressuring those responsible (for example, policymakers and local authorities) to resolve these issues. Current management strategies focus on signage and drastic methods such as the translocation of primate groups or population control. So far, however, these approaches have proven largely ineffective. Abrupt cessation of provisioning may harm primates by depriving them of food they rely on, and humans may be harmed by increasing negative encounters in other contexts. Research and management strategies often focus on the provisioned primates rather than their human provisioners, limiting the understanding of this interaction. To encourage a more balanced approach by conservation practitioners looking for ways to manage challenging situations, we examined the existing literature and incorporated personal observations from primate conservation practitioners on how and why people provision primates and the efficacy of existing management strategies. We suggest that using an ethnographic approach to understand the human dimension of this two-way interaction may pave the way for more innovative and effective strategies that can enhance both human and primate well-being in these contexts.
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