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A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method

Zikang Rong, Jian Ke, Haifei Lu, Xiaoyan Wen, Lijie Li Orcid Logo, Zhiwen Ming, Shuo Deng Orcid Logo, Min Li Orcid Logo

Photonics, Volume: 12, Issue: 5, Start page: 471

Swansea University Author: Lijie Li Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/photonics12050471

Abstract

The photoacoustic (PA) method is commonly used in the measurement of trace gas concentration owing to its high accuracy and reliability. However, the conventional PA method is usually used in the gas-phase environment, which leads to a long measurement time and a large equipment volume for the degas...

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Published in: Photonics
ISSN: 2304-6732
Published: MDPI 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69655
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spelling 2025-06-09T14:31:27.1389736 v2 69655 2025-06-09 A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method ed2c658b77679a28e4c1dcf95af06bd6 0000-0003-4630-7692 Lijie Li Lijie Li true false 2025-06-09 ACEM The photoacoustic (PA) method is commonly used in the measurement of trace gas concentration owing to its high accuracy and reliability. However, the conventional PA method is usually used in the gas-phase environment, which leads to a long measurement time and a large equipment volume for the degassing process. In this paper, we report a scheme to measure the acetylene (C2H2) concentration from the acetylene–dielectric oil (C2H2–Oil) mixed solution without the degassing process. The frequency and intensity distribution of the PA signal in the C2H2–Oil mixed liquid is investigated using the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results reveal that the incident light modulation frequency and the geometry size of the PA cell are two core factors to determine the PA signal. Furthermore, a PA sensor system is constructed to measure the concentration of C2H2 from the C2H2–Oil mixed solution. The measurement results demonstrate that the intensity of the PA signal in the C2H2–Oil mixed solution rises mostly linearly with the concentration of C2H2 from 0 to 100 mL/L. The Allan variance results from the continuous tests indicate that the measurement limit of the PA sensor system is about 0.2 mL/L. This work points to a novel method for the measurement of the C2H2 concentration from the C2H2–Oil mixed solution. Journal Article Photonics 12 5 471 MDPI 2304-6732 photoacoustic spectroscopy; gas–liquid mixed solution; direct measurement; acetylene concentration 10 5 2025 2025-05-10 10.3390/photonics12050471 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee National Natural Science Foundation of China (62304161); Key R&D Program of Hubei Province (2024BAB009). 2025-06-09T14:31:27.1389736 2025-06-09T14:22:45.3972444 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering Zikang Rong 1 Jian Ke 2 Haifei Lu 3 Xiaoyan Wen 4 Lijie Li 0000-0003-4630-7692 5 Zhiwen Ming 6 Shuo Deng 0009-0004-1079-1165 7 Min Li 0000-0003-1037-3663 8 69655__34428__025c833ed1dd4775a6f487cdef16bc26.pdf photonics-12-00471-v2.pdf 2025-06-09T14:22:45.3262713 Output 4527434 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method
spellingShingle A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method
Lijie Li
title_short A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method
title_full A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method
title_fullStr A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method
title_full_unstemmed A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method
title_sort A Direct Measurement of the C2H2 Concentration from the C2H2–Oil Mixed Solution Using the Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Method
author_id_str_mv ed2c658b77679a28e4c1dcf95af06bd6
author_id_fullname_str_mv ed2c658b77679a28e4c1dcf95af06bd6_***_Lijie Li
author Lijie Li
author2 Zikang Rong
Jian Ke
Haifei Lu
Xiaoyan Wen
Lijie Li
Zhiwen Ming
Shuo Deng
Min Li
format Journal article
container_title Photonics
container_volume 12
container_issue 5
container_start_page 471
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2304-6732
doi_str_mv 10.3390/photonics12050471
publisher MDPI
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering
document_store_str 1
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description The photoacoustic (PA) method is commonly used in the measurement of trace gas concentration owing to its high accuracy and reliability. However, the conventional PA method is usually used in the gas-phase environment, which leads to a long measurement time and a large equipment volume for the degassing process. In this paper, we report a scheme to measure the acetylene (C2H2) concentration from the acetylene–dielectric oil (C2H2–Oil) mixed solution without the degassing process. The frequency and intensity distribution of the PA signal in the C2H2–Oil mixed liquid is investigated using the finite element method (FEM). Simulation results reveal that the incident light modulation frequency and the geometry size of the PA cell are two core factors to determine the PA signal. Furthermore, a PA sensor system is constructed to measure the concentration of C2H2 from the C2H2–Oil mixed solution. The measurement results demonstrate that the intensity of the PA signal in the C2H2–Oil mixed solution rises mostly linearly with the concentration of C2H2 from 0 to 100 mL/L. The Allan variance results from the continuous tests indicate that the measurement limit of the PA sensor system is about 0.2 mL/L. This work points to a novel method for the measurement of the C2H2 concentration from the C2H2–Oil mixed solution.
published_date 2025-05-10T05:27:33Z
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score 11.089572

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