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The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial

Dayna Easton Orcid Logo, Charlotte Gupta Orcid Logo, Grace Vincent Orcid Logo, Corneel Vandelanotte Orcid Logo, Mitch Duncan Orcid Logo, Philip Tucker Orcid Logo, Lee Di Milia Orcid Logo, Sally A. Ferguson Orcid Logo

Chronobiology International, Volume: 42, Issue: 6, Pages: 736 - 754

Swansea University Author: Philip Tucker Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1080/07420528.2025.2503866

Abstract

Nightshift is associated with impaired cognitive performance on many tasks, yet performance is also moderated by individual differences. We investigated the effect of circadian type (two factors: flexible-rigid, and languid-vigour), and the efficacy of a novel countermeasure, breaking up sitting wit...

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Published in: Chronobiology International
ISSN: 0742-0528 1525-6073
Published: Informa UK Limited 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69533
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spelling 2025-07-30T14:58:12.6465562 v2 69533 2025-05-20 The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial 7d07250cf5f1cbaf8788af9f48cf000a 0000-0002-8105-0901 Philip Tucker Philip Tucker true false 2025-05-20 PSYS Nightshift is associated with impaired cognitive performance on many tasks, yet performance is also moderated by individual differences. We investigated the effect of circadian type (two factors: flexible-rigid, and languid-vigour), and the efficacy of a novel countermeasure, breaking up sitting with light-intensity physical activity, in the context of nightshift performance. Thirty-three healthy adults (age M ± SD: 24.3 ± 4.6 y; 19 females) participated in a sleep laboratory study over five consecutive simulated nightshifts (2200–0600 h). Sleep opportunities occurred at 0800–1700 h. Participants were randomised to a sedentary (SIT; n = 14), or “breaking-up” sitting (BREAK; n = 19) condition. BREAK participants completed 3 min of light-intensity walking every 30 min at 3.2 km/h, while SIT participants remained seated. Every 2 h during nightshift, participants completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (mean RRT), Stroop Task, and Digit Symbol Substitution Task. Participants completed the revised Circadian Type Inventory which categorises individuals on a rigid-flexible scale and a languid-vigorous scale (rigid; n = 12, flexible; n = 11; languid; n = 11, vigorous n = 13). Linear mixed models showed a significant 3-way interaction between Nightshifts (1–5), Condition (SIT, BREAK), and flexibility-rigidity for mean RRT (p = 0.03) only. Flexible types in the BREAK condition had better performance than rigid BREAK, rigid SIT, and flexible SIT over five nights, with performance marginally worse on the first night for all participants apart from rigid SIT. Linear mixed models showed a significant 2-way interaction between Nightshifts (1–5), and flexibility-rigidity for percentage accuracy on the Stroop task, and a significant 2-way interaction between Nightshifts (1–5), and languid-vigour for response time on the Stroop task. Accuracy worsened for rigid types, while response time on the Stroop task improved for languid types over five nights. No other significant differences were found. Breaking up sitting with light-intensity physical activity maintained sustained attention for flexible circadian types across all five experimental nightshifts. Both rigidity and languidity moderated trends in performance, though whether these differences have meaningful real-world implications must be explored further. Our results indicate that circadian type classifications should be accounted for in breaking up sitting interventions overnight. Journal Article Chronobiology International 42 6 736 754 Informa UK Limited 0742-0528 1525-6073 Shift work; night shift; cognitive performance; fatigue countermeasure; physical activity; individual difference; circadian type 19 5 2025 2025-05-19 10.1080/07420528.2025.2503866 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (IA0802). 2025-07-30T14:58:12.6465562 2025-05-20T09:31:32.0420338 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Dayna Easton 0000-0003-4024-4336 1 Charlotte Gupta 0000-0003-2436-3327 2 Grace Vincent 0000-0002-7036-7823 3 Corneel Vandelanotte 0000-0002-4445-8094 4 Mitch Duncan 0000-0002-9166-6195 5 Philip Tucker 0000-0002-8105-0901 6 Lee Di Milia 0000-0001-7681-5589 7 Sally A. Ferguson 0000-0002-9682-7971 8 69533__34314__deec36373d714ab6842509944f898238.pdf Easton 2025.pdf 2025-05-20T09:40:11.7500429 Output 1726540 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial
spellingShingle The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial
Philip Tucker
title_short The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial
title_full The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial
title_fullStr The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial
title_sort The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial
author_id_str_mv 7d07250cf5f1cbaf8788af9f48cf000a
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7d07250cf5f1cbaf8788af9f48cf000a_***_Philip Tucker
author Philip Tucker
author2 Dayna Easton
Charlotte Gupta
Grace Vincent
Corneel Vandelanotte
Mitch Duncan
Philip Tucker
Lee Di Milia
Sally A. Ferguson
format Journal article
container_title Chronobiology International
container_volume 42
container_issue 6
container_start_page 736
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0742-0528
1525-6073
doi_str_mv 10.1080/07420528.2025.2503866
publisher Informa UK Limited
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Nightshift is associated with impaired cognitive performance on many tasks, yet performance is also moderated by individual differences. We investigated the effect of circadian type (two factors: flexible-rigid, and languid-vigour), and the efficacy of a novel countermeasure, breaking up sitting with light-intensity physical activity, in the context of nightshift performance. Thirty-three healthy adults (age M ± SD: 24.3 ± 4.6 y; 19 females) participated in a sleep laboratory study over five consecutive simulated nightshifts (2200–0600 h). Sleep opportunities occurred at 0800–1700 h. Participants were randomised to a sedentary (SIT; n = 14), or “breaking-up” sitting (BREAK; n = 19) condition. BREAK participants completed 3 min of light-intensity walking every 30 min at 3.2 km/h, while SIT participants remained seated. Every 2 h during nightshift, participants completed the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (mean RRT), Stroop Task, and Digit Symbol Substitution Task. Participants completed the revised Circadian Type Inventory which categorises individuals on a rigid-flexible scale and a languid-vigorous scale (rigid; n = 12, flexible; n = 11; languid; n = 11, vigorous n = 13). Linear mixed models showed a significant 3-way interaction between Nightshifts (1–5), Condition (SIT, BREAK), and flexibility-rigidity for mean RRT (p = 0.03) only. Flexible types in the BREAK condition had better performance than rigid BREAK, rigid SIT, and flexible SIT over five nights, with performance marginally worse on the first night for all participants apart from rigid SIT. Linear mixed models showed a significant 2-way interaction between Nightshifts (1–5), and flexibility-rigidity for percentage accuracy on the Stroop task, and a significant 2-way interaction between Nightshifts (1–5), and languid-vigour for response time on the Stroop task. Accuracy worsened for rigid types, while response time on the Stroop task improved for languid types over five nights. No other significant differences were found. Breaking up sitting with light-intensity physical activity maintained sustained attention for flexible circadian types across all five experimental nightshifts. Both rigidity and languidity moderated trends in performance, though whether these differences have meaningful real-world implications must be explored further. Our results indicate that circadian type classifications should be accounted for in breaking up sitting interventions overnight.
published_date 2025-05-19T05:28:26Z
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