No Cover Image

Journal article 451 views 39 downloads

Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data

Stefania Chiappini Orcid Logo, Alessio Mosca Orcid Logo, Duccio G. Papanti Pelletier, John M. Corkery Orcid Logo, Amira Guirguis Orcid Logo, Davide Arillotta Orcid Logo, Giovanni Martinotti Orcid Logo, Fabrizio Schifano Orcid Logo

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Volume: 14, Issue: 10, Start page: 3461

Swansea University Author: Amira Guirguis Orcid Logo

  • 69503.VOR.pdf

    PDF | Version of Record

    © 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.

    Download (1.14MB)

Check full text

DOI (Published version): 10.3390/jcm14103461

Abstract

Background: Recent drug enforcement activities have possibly suggested the presence of some calcium channel blocker antihypertensives in association with cocaine. The seizure revealed the possibility that the two drugs might have been used together for some unknown reasons. Methods: Hence, this stud...

Full description

Published in: Journal of Clinical Medicine
ISSN: 2077-0383
Published: MDPI AG 2025
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69503
first_indexed 2025-05-13T09:44:36Z
last_indexed 2025-06-11T08:22:41Z
id cronfa69503
recordtype SURis
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2025-06-10T11:24:31.4317285</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>69503</id><entry>2025-05-13</entry><title>Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-8255-0660</ORCID><firstname>Amira</firstname><surname>Guirguis</surname><name>Amira Guirguis</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2025-05-13</date><deptcode>MEDS</deptcode><abstract>Background: Recent drug enforcement activities have possibly suggested the presence of some calcium channel blocker antihypertensives in association with cocaine. The seizure revealed the possibility that the two drugs might have been used together for some unknown reasons. Methods: Hence, this study aimed at investigating the nature and frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in association with the concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and cocaine, using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Results: After removing duplicate reports, a total of 67 cases involving concomitant use of cocaine and CCBs were analyzed and were stratified into three groups based on the CCB involved: verapamil (n = 19), diltiazem (n = 30), and amlodipine (n = 18). Logistic regression analysis identified &#x201C;product use for unknown indication&#x201D; (&#x3B2; = 0.33) as the strongest predictor of fatal outcomes. Age revealed a modest negative association with fatal outcome (&#x3B2; = &#x2212;0.93, intercept = 4.07). Concomitant substance use was reported in over 84% of cases. Frequently co-used substances included opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antihistamines, and alcohol. Poly-drug use was most pronounced in the diltiazem group, which exhibited the highest burden of opioid and alcohol co-exposure. Conclusions: It is here suggested that clinicians should exercise caution when managing individuals who use cocaine, due to the potential for increased toxicity and lethality when CCBs are co-used, either as part of a prescribed treatment or if CCBs are present as adulterants in cocaine.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Clinical Medicine</journal><volume>14</volume><journalNumber>10</journalNumber><paginationStart>3461</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2077-0383</issnElectronic><keywords>calcium channel blockers; cocaine; stimulants; drug misuse; recreational drug abuse; drug mortality</keywords><publishedDay>15</publishedDay><publishedMonth>5</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2025</publishedYear><publishedDate>2025-05-15</publishedDate><doi>10.3390/jcm14103461</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-06-10T11:24:31.4317285</lastEdited><Created>2025-05-13T10:40:23.1757053</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Pharmacy</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Stefania</firstname><surname>Chiappini</surname><orcid>0000-0002-6810-1540</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Alessio</firstname><surname>Mosca</surname><orcid>0000-0003-3832-1398</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Duccio G. Papanti</firstname><surname>Pelletier</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>John M.</firstname><surname>Corkery</surname><orcid>0000-0002-3849-817x</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Amira</firstname><surname>Guirguis</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8255-0660</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Davide</firstname><surname>Arillotta</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8843-0595</orcid><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Giovanni</firstname><surname>Martinotti</surname><orcid>0000-0002-7292-2341</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Fabrizio</firstname><surname>Schifano</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4178-5401</orcid><order>8</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>69503__34445__7680508ab35446bd88bf9532c197c363.pdf</filename><originalFilename>69503.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2025-06-10T11:19:18.3975150</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1194217</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2025-06-10T11:24:31.4317285 v2 69503 2025-05-13 Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87 0000-0001-8255-0660 Amira Guirguis Amira Guirguis true false 2025-05-13 MEDS Background: Recent drug enforcement activities have possibly suggested the presence of some calcium channel blocker antihypertensives in association with cocaine. The seizure revealed the possibility that the two drugs might have been used together for some unknown reasons. Methods: Hence, this study aimed at investigating the nature and frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in association with the concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and cocaine, using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Results: After removing duplicate reports, a total of 67 cases involving concomitant use of cocaine and CCBs were analyzed and were stratified into three groups based on the CCB involved: verapamil (n = 19), diltiazem (n = 30), and amlodipine (n = 18). Logistic regression analysis identified “product use for unknown indication” (β = 0.33) as the strongest predictor of fatal outcomes. Age revealed a modest negative association with fatal outcome (β = −0.93, intercept = 4.07). Concomitant substance use was reported in over 84% of cases. Frequently co-used substances included opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antihistamines, and alcohol. Poly-drug use was most pronounced in the diltiazem group, which exhibited the highest burden of opioid and alcohol co-exposure. Conclusions: It is here suggested that clinicians should exercise caution when managing individuals who use cocaine, due to the potential for increased toxicity and lethality when CCBs are co-used, either as part of a prescribed treatment or if CCBs are present as adulterants in cocaine. Journal Article Journal of Clinical Medicine 14 10 3461 MDPI AG 2077-0383 calcium channel blockers; cocaine; stimulants; drug misuse; recreational drug abuse; drug mortality 15 5 2025 2025-05-15 10.3390/jcm14103461 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2025-06-10T11:24:31.4317285 2025-05-13T10:40:23.1757053 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Pharmacy Stefania Chiappini 0000-0002-6810-1540 1 Alessio Mosca 0000-0003-3832-1398 2 Duccio G. Papanti Pelletier 3 John M. Corkery 0000-0002-3849-817x 4 Amira Guirguis 0000-0001-8255-0660 5 Davide Arillotta 0000-0002-8843-0595 6 Giovanni Martinotti 0000-0002-7292-2341 7 Fabrizio Schifano 0000-0002-4178-5401 8 69503__34445__7680508ab35446bd88bf9532c197c363.pdf 69503.VOR.pdf 2025-06-10T11:19:18.3975150 Output 1194217 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data
spellingShingle Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data
Amira Guirguis
title_short Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data
title_full Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data
title_fullStr Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data
title_full_unstemmed Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data
title_sort Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with Concomitant Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Cocaine: An Analysis of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System Data
author_id_str_mv b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87
author_id_fullname_str_mv b49270b9a0d580cf4f31f9a1b6c93f87_***_Amira Guirguis
author Amira Guirguis
author2 Stefania Chiappini
Alessio Mosca
Duccio G. Papanti Pelletier
John M. Corkery
Amira Guirguis
Davide Arillotta
Giovanni Martinotti
Fabrizio Schifano
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Clinical Medicine
container_volume 14
container_issue 10
container_start_page 3461
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2077-0383
doi_str_mv 10.3390/jcm14103461
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Pharmacy{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Pharmacy
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Background: Recent drug enforcement activities have possibly suggested the presence of some calcium channel blocker antihypertensives in association with cocaine. The seizure revealed the possibility that the two drugs might have been used together for some unknown reasons. Methods: Hence, this study aimed at investigating the nature and frequency of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in association with the concomitant use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and cocaine, using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Results: After removing duplicate reports, a total of 67 cases involving concomitant use of cocaine and CCBs were analyzed and were stratified into three groups based on the CCB involved: verapamil (n = 19), diltiazem (n = 30), and amlodipine (n = 18). Logistic regression analysis identified “product use for unknown indication” (β = 0.33) as the strongest predictor of fatal outcomes. Age revealed a modest negative association with fatal outcome (β = −0.93, intercept = 4.07). Concomitant substance use was reported in over 84% of cases. Frequently co-used substances included opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, antihistamines, and alcohol. Poly-drug use was most pronounced in the diltiazem group, which exhibited the highest burden of opioid and alcohol co-exposure. Conclusions: It is here suggested that clinicians should exercise caution when managing individuals who use cocaine, due to the potential for increased toxicity and lethality when CCBs are co-used, either as part of a prescribed treatment or if CCBs are present as adulterants in cocaine.
published_date 2025-05-15T05:27:08Z
_version_ 1851369589995208704
score 11.089572

Similar Items