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Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar

Euan Mortlock Orcid Logo, Václav Silovský, Justine Güldenpfennig, Monika Faltusová, Astrid Olejarz Orcid Logo, Luca Borger Orcid Logo, Miloš Ježek, Dómhnall J. Jennings, Isabella Capellini

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Volume: 291, Issue: 2023

Swansea University Author: Luca Borger Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1098/rspb.2023.2115

Abstract

Sleep serves vital physiological functions, yet how sleep in wild animals is influenced by environmental conditions is poorly understood. Here we use high-resolution biologgers to investigate sleep in wild animals over ecologically relevant time scales and quantify variability between individuals un...

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Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
ISSN: 1471-2954
Published: The Royal Society 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69495
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spelling 2025-06-13T13:54:11.5806739 v2 69495 2025-05-12 Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar 8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2 0000-0001-8763-5997 Luca Borger Luca Borger true false 2025-05-12 BGPS Sleep serves vital physiological functions, yet how sleep in wild animals is influenced by environmental conditions is poorly understood. Here we use high-resolution biologgers to investigate sleep in wild animals over ecologically relevant time scales and quantify variability between individuals under changing conditions. We developed a robust classification for accelerometer data and measured multiple dimensions of sleep in the wild boar (Sus scrofa) over an annual cycle. In support of the hypothesis that environmental conditions determine thermoregulatory challenges, which regulate sleep, we show that sleep quantity, efficiency and quality are reduced on warmer days, sleep is less fragmented in longer and more humid days, while greater snow cover and rainfall promote sleep quality. Importantly, this longest and most detailed analysis of sleep in wild animals to date reveals large inter- and intra-individual variation. Specifically, short-sleepers sleep up to 46% less than long-sleepers but do not compensate for their short sleep through greater plasticity or quality, suggesting they may pay higher costs of sleep deprivation. Given the major role of sleep in health, our results suggest that global warming and the associated increase in extreme climatic events are likely to negatively impact sleep, and consequently health, in wildlife, particularly in nocturnal animals. Journal Article Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 291 2023 The Royal Society 1471-2954 sleep ecology, biologging, double-hierarchical generalized mixed-effects models, pace-of-life syndrome, wild boar 29 5 2024 2024-05-29 10.1098/rspb.2023.2115 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee Department for the Economy (DfE) PhD scholarship to E.M., by the University Grant Competition at the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague No. 82/2021, OP RDE project Improvement in Quality of the Internal Grant Scheme at CZ (no. CZ,.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/19_073/0016944); ‘EVA4.0’ grant (no. CZ,.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803), OP RDE and ‘NAZV’ grant (no. QK1910462) financed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic. 2025-06-13T13:54:11.5806739 2025-05-12T10:49:12.5841163 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Euan Mortlock 0000-0002-1434-7107 1 Václav Silovský 2 Justine Güldenpfennig 3 Monika Faltusová 4 Astrid Olejarz 0000-0002-5543-7416 5 Luca Borger 0000-0001-8763-5997 6 Miloš Ježek 7 Dómhnall J. Jennings 8 Isabella Capellini 9 69495__34244__eae62acbf59b40c5b1b916df1a30d76d.pdf 69495.pdf 2025-05-12T10:51:30.2375061 Output 692731 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Authors. Released under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar
spellingShingle Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar
Luca Borger
title_short Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar
title_full Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar
title_fullStr Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar
title_full_unstemmed Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar
title_sort Sleep in the wild: the importance of individual effects and environmental conditions on sleep behaviour in wild boar
author_id_str_mv 8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2
author_id_fullname_str_mv 8416d0ffc3cccdad6e6d67a455e7c4a2_***_Luca Borger
author Luca Borger
author2 Euan Mortlock
Václav Silovský
Justine Güldenpfennig
Monika Faltusová
Astrid Olejarz
Luca Borger
Miloš Ježek
Dómhnall J. Jennings
Isabella Capellini
format Journal article
container_title Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
container_volume 291
container_issue 2023
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 1471-2954
doi_str_mv 10.1098/rspb.2023.2115
publisher The Royal Society
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
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description Sleep serves vital physiological functions, yet how sleep in wild animals is influenced by environmental conditions is poorly understood. Here we use high-resolution biologgers to investigate sleep in wild animals over ecologically relevant time scales and quantify variability between individuals under changing conditions. We developed a robust classification for accelerometer data and measured multiple dimensions of sleep in the wild boar (Sus scrofa) over an annual cycle. In support of the hypothesis that environmental conditions determine thermoregulatory challenges, which regulate sleep, we show that sleep quantity, efficiency and quality are reduced on warmer days, sleep is less fragmented in longer and more humid days, while greater snow cover and rainfall promote sleep quality. Importantly, this longest and most detailed analysis of sleep in wild animals to date reveals large inter- and intra-individual variation. Specifically, short-sleepers sleep up to 46% less than long-sleepers but do not compensate for their short sleep through greater plasticity or quality, suggesting they may pay higher costs of sleep deprivation. Given the major role of sleep in health, our results suggest that global warming and the associated increase in extreme climatic events are likely to negatively impact sleep, and consequently health, in wildlife, particularly in nocturnal animals.
published_date 2024-05-29T05:29:47Z
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