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A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches

Zara L.R. Botterell, Jed Ardren, Elly Dove, Ellen McArthur, David S. Addison, Oyeronke M. Adegbile, Pierre Didier Agamboue, Andrews Agyekumhene, Phil Allman, Alexandra Alterman, Adren Anderson, Theresa Arenholz, Daniel Ariano-Sánchez, Zephania Arnold, José C. Báez, Anat Bahar, Castro Barbosa, Hector Barrios-Garrido, Eyup Başkale, Michael L. Berumen, Vanessa S. Bézy, Janice Blumenthal, Manuela R. Borja Bosquirolli, Alysia J. Boyce, Elizabeth Brammer-Robbins, Maria Branco, Annabelle M.L. Brooks, Nancy Bunbury, Luis Cardona, Helen Chadwick, Giannis Chalkias, Kimberly Chug, Jessica Clark, Matthew Cole, Rachel L. Coppock, Eduardo Cuevas, Tiffany M. Dawson, Maria Denaro, Rodrigo Donadi, Corrine Douglas, Ryan Douglas, Emily Drobes, Chloé Dubois, Emily M. Duncan, Chloe A. Elston, Nicole Esteban Orcid Logo, Gabriela Fernandes, Maria B. Ferreira-Airaud, Sarah A. Finn, Jerome Fisayo Christie, Angela Formia, Sabrina Fossette-Halot, Mariana M.P.B. Fuentes, Tamara S. Galloway, Matthew H. Godfrey, Joanna Goodfellow, Vicente Guzmán-Hernández, Catherine E. Hart, Graeme C. Hays, Sarah E. Hirsch, Sandra Hochscheid, Karen G. Holloway-Adkins, Julia A. Horrocks, Emi Inoguchi, Gélica E. Inteca, Claire Jean, Yakup Kaska, Brice Didier Koumba Mabert, Amandine Lambot, Yaniv Levy, Ceri Lewis, César P. Ley-Quiñonez, Penelope K. Lindeque, Israel Llamas, Sergio Lopez-Martinez, Javier López-Navas, Kelsey Mack, Fernando M. Madeira, Fulvio Maffucci, Roksana Majewska, Agnese Mancini, Katherine L. Mansfield, Adolfo Marco, Dimitris Margaritoulis, Isabel Marques da Silva, Samir Martins, Andrew S. Maurer, Wendy J. McFarlane, Carmen Mejías-Balsalobre, Maxine A. Montello, Jeanne A. Mortimer, Sarah E. Nelms, Josep Nogués Vera, Christelle Not, Olga Novillo-Sanjuan, Karen Oceguera Camacho, Omri Omessi, Breanna Ondich, Mark Outerbridge, Nicolas Paranthoen, Jessica Pate, S. Michelle Pate, Ana R. Patrício, Odysseas Paxinos, Tami Pearl, Justin R. Perrault, Angela S. Picknell, Susanna Piovano, Ernesto I. Pococa Arellano, Alwyn Ponteen, Shritika S. Prakash, Jairo Quiros Rosales, Vicky Rae, Azzakirat B.A. Raman, Tyffen Read, Katie E. Reeve-Arnold, Richard D. Reina, Stefanie Reinhardt, Flavia Riberiro, Andrew J. Richardson, Marga L. Rivas, Dani Rob, Joseph Roche Chaloner, Christopher E. Rogers, Daniela Rojas-Cañizales, Frank Rosell, Enerit Sacdanaku, Yessica M. Salgado Gallegos, Cheryl Sanchez, Pilar Santidrián Tomillo, David Santillo, Denise Santos de Mora, Maïa Sarrouf Willson, Shir Sassoon, Emma A. Schultz, Felicity Shapland, Donna J. Shaver, Mandy W.K. So, Kelly Soluri, Guy-Philippe Sounguet, Doğan Sözbilen, Seth P. Stapleton, David A. Steen, Martin Stelfox, Kimberly M. Stewart, Lyndsey K. Tanabe, Luis A. Tello-Sahagun, Jesús Tomás, Davinia Torreblanca, Anton D. Tucker, Craig Turley, Ivon Vassileva, Sara Vieira, Martha R. Villalba-Guerra, Gerardo Villaseñor Castañeda, Ricardo Villaseñor Llamas, Matthew Ware, Sam B. Weber, Lindsey West, Clemency Whittles, Paul A. Whittock, Joseph Widlansky, Brendan J. Godley

Marine Pollution Bulletin, Volume: 215, Start page: 117768

Swansea University Author: Nicole Esteban Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117768

Abstract

Sandy coastal beaches are an important nesting habitat for marine turtles and a known sink for plastic pollution. Existing methodologies for monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of abundance and composition of plastic are, however, disparate. We engaged a global network of marine turtle scientists...

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Published in: Marine Pollution Bulletin
ISSN: 0025-326X
Published: Elsevier BV 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69344
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2025-04-24T12:06:44.9955589</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>69344</id><entry>2025-04-24</entry><title>A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>fb2e760b83b4580e7445092982f1f319</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-4693-7221</ORCID><firstname>Nicole</firstname><surname>Esteban</surname><name>Nicole Esteban</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2025-04-24</date><deptcode>BGPS</deptcode><abstract>Sandy coastal beaches are an important nesting habitat for marine turtles and a known sink for plastic pollution. Existing methodologies for monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of abundance and composition of plastic are, however, disparate. We engaged a global network of marine turtle scientists to implement a large-scale sampling effort to assess microplastic abundance in beach sediments on marine turtle nesting beaches. Sand samples were collected from 209 sites spanning six oceans, microplastics (1-5 mm) were extracted through stacked sieves, visually identified, and a sub-sample verified via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Microplastics were detected in 45 % (n = 94) of beaches and within five ocean basins. Microplastic presence and abundance was found to vary markedly within and among ocean basins, with the highest proportion of contaminated beaches found in the Mediterranean (80 %). We present all data in an accessible, open access format to facilitate the extension of monitoring efforts and empower novel analytical approaches.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Marine Pollution Bulletin</journal><volume>215</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>117768</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0025-326X</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Plastic pollution; Microplastics; Marine litter; Beach sediment; Spatial distribution; Sea turtle</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2025</publishedYear><publishedDate>2025-06-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117768</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences Geography and Physics School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>BGPS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>The authors thank the UK Global Challenges Resource Fund (GCRF) (Grant number: NE/V005448/1) and the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant number: NE/V009354/1) which has enabled this international collaboration. We also thank and are grateful to everyone who assisted in the collection and shipment of the samples. We thank Dr. Jennifer Lynch from the National Institute of Standards &amp; Technology (NIST) for collecting and processing of the Hawaiian beach samples. Jos&#xE9; C. B&#xE1;ez was financially supported by the project &#x2018;Plan Complementario de I + D + i en el &#xE1;rea de Biodiversidad (PCBIO),&#x2019; funded by the European Union within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan &#x2013; NextGenerationEU, by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and by the Regional Government of Andalusia.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-04-24T12:06:44.9955589</lastEdited><Created>2025-04-24T11:58:54.0791606</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Zara L.R.</firstname><surname>Botterell</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Jed</firstname><surname>Ardren</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Elly</firstname><surname>Dove</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Ellen</firstname><surname>McArthur</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>David S.</firstname><surname>Addison</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Oyeronke M.</firstname><surname>Adegbile</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Pierre Didier</firstname><surname>Agamboue</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Andrews</firstname><surname>Agyekumhene</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Phil</firstname><surname>Allman</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Alexandra</firstname><surname>Alterman</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Adren</firstname><surname>Anderson</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Theresa</firstname><surname>Arenholz</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Daniel</firstname><surname>Ariano-S&#xE1;nchez</surname><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Zephania</firstname><surname>Arnold</surname><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Jos&#xE9; C.</firstname><surname>B&#xE1;ez</surname><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Anat</firstname><surname>Bahar</surname><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Castro</firstname><surname>Barbosa</surname><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>Hector</firstname><surname>Barrios-Garrido</surname><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>Eyup</firstname><surname>Ba&#x15F;kale</surname><order>19</order></author><author><firstname>Michael L.</firstname><surname>Berumen</surname><order>20</order></author><author><firstname>Vanessa S.</firstname><surname>B&#xE9;zy</surname><order>21</order></author><author><firstname>Janice</firstname><surname>Blumenthal</surname><order>22</order></author><author><firstname>Manuela R. 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spelling 2025-04-24T12:06:44.9955589 v2 69344 2025-04-24 A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches fb2e760b83b4580e7445092982f1f319 0000-0003-4693-7221 Nicole Esteban Nicole Esteban true false 2025-04-24 BGPS Sandy coastal beaches are an important nesting habitat for marine turtles and a known sink for plastic pollution. Existing methodologies for monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of abundance and composition of plastic are, however, disparate. We engaged a global network of marine turtle scientists to implement a large-scale sampling effort to assess microplastic abundance in beach sediments on marine turtle nesting beaches. Sand samples were collected from 209 sites spanning six oceans, microplastics (1-5 mm) were extracted through stacked sieves, visually identified, and a sub-sample verified via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Microplastics were detected in 45 % (n = 94) of beaches and within five ocean basins. Microplastic presence and abundance was found to vary markedly within and among ocean basins, with the highest proportion of contaminated beaches found in the Mediterranean (80 %). We present all data in an accessible, open access format to facilitate the extension of monitoring efforts and empower novel analytical approaches. Journal Article Marine Pollution Bulletin 215 117768 Elsevier BV 0025-326X Plastic pollution; Microplastics; Marine litter; Beach sediment; Spatial distribution; Sea turtle 1 6 2025 2025-06-01 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117768 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee The authors thank the UK Global Challenges Resource Fund (GCRF) (Grant number: NE/V005448/1) and the Natural Environment Research Council (Grant number: NE/V009354/1) which has enabled this international collaboration. We also thank and are grateful to everyone who assisted in the collection and shipment of the samples. We thank Dr. Jennifer Lynch from the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) for collecting and processing of the Hawaiian beach samples. José C. Báez was financially supported by the project ‘Plan Complementario de I + D + i en el área de Biodiversidad (PCBIO),’ funded by the European Union within the framework of the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan – NextGenerationEU, by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and by the Regional Government of Andalusia. 2025-04-24T12:06:44.9955589 2025-04-24T11:58:54.0791606 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Zara L.R. Botterell 1 Jed Ardren 2 Elly Dove 3 Ellen McArthur 4 David S. Addison 5 Oyeronke M. Adegbile 6 Pierre Didier Agamboue 7 Andrews Agyekumhene 8 Phil Allman 9 Alexandra Alterman 10 Adren Anderson 11 Theresa Arenholz 12 Daniel Ariano-Sánchez 13 Zephania Arnold 14 José C. Báez 15 Anat Bahar 16 Castro Barbosa 17 Hector Barrios-Garrido 18 Eyup Başkale 19 Michael L. Berumen 20 Vanessa S. Bézy 21 Janice Blumenthal 22 Manuela R. Borja Bosquirolli 23 Alysia J. Boyce 24 Elizabeth Brammer-Robbins 25 Maria Branco 26 Annabelle M.L. Brooks 27 Nancy Bunbury 28 Luis Cardona 29 Helen Chadwick 30 Giannis Chalkias 31 Kimberly Chug 32 Jessica Clark 33 Matthew Cole 34 Rachel L. Coppock 35 Eduardo Cuevas 36 Tiffany M. Dawson 37 Maria Denaro 38 Rodrigo Donadi 39 Corrine Douglas 40 Ryan Douglas 41 Emily Drobes 42 Chloé Dubois 43 Emily M. Duncan 44 Chloe A. Elston 45 Nicole Esteban 0000-0003-4693-7221 46 Gabriela Fernandes 47 Maria B. Ferreira-Airaud 48 Sarah A. Finn 49 Jerome Fisayo Christie 50 Angela Formia 51 Sabrina Fossette-Halot 52 Mariana M.P.B. Fuentes 53 Tamara S. Galloway 54 Matthew H. Godfrey 55 Joanna Goodfellow 56 Vicente Guzmán-Hernández 57 Catherine E. Hart 58 Graeme C. Hays 59 Sarah E. Hirsch 60 Sandra Hochscheid 61 Karen G. Holloway-Adkins 62 Julia A. Horrocks 63 Emi Inoguchi 64 Gélica E. Inteca 65 Claire Jean 66 Yakup Kaska 67 Brice Didier Koumba Mabert 68 Amandine Lambot 69 Yaniv Levy 70 Ceri Lewis 71 César P. Ley-Quiñonez 72 Penelope K. Lindeque 73 Israel Llamas 74 Sergio Lopez-Martinez 75 Javier López-Navas 76 Kelsey Mack 77 Fernando M. Madeira 78 Fulvio Maffucci 79 Roksana Majewska 80 Agnese Mancini 81 Katherine L. Mansfield 82 Adolfo Marco 83 Dimitris Margaritoulis 84 Isabel Marques da Silva 85 Samir Martins 86 Andrew S. Maurer 87 Wendy J. McFarlane 88 Carmen Mejías-Balsalobre 89 Maxine A. Montello 90 Jeanne A. Mortimer 91 Sarah E. Nelms 92 Josep Nogués Vera 93 Christelle Not 94 Olga Novillo-Sanjuan 95 Karen Oceguera Camacho 96 Omri Omessi 97 Breanna Ondich 98 Mark Outerbridge 99 Nicolas Paranthoen 100 Jessica Pate 101 S. Michelle Pate 102 Ana R. Patrício 103 Odysseas Paxinos 104 Tami Pearl 105 Justin R. Perrault 106 Angela S. Picknell 107 Susanna Piovano 108 Ernesto I. Pococa Arellano 109 Alwyn Ponteen 110 Shritika S. Prakash 111 Jairo Quiros Rosales 112 Vicky Rae 113 Azzakirat B.A. Raman 114 Tyffen Read 115 Katie E. Reeve-Arnold 116 Richard D. Reina 117 Stefanie Reinhardt 118 Flavia Riberiro 119 Andrew J. Richardson 120 Marga L. Rivas 121 Dani Rob 122 Joseph Roche Chaloner 123 Christopher E. Rogers 124 Daniela Rojas-Cañizales 125 Frank Rosell 126 Enerit Sacdanaku 127 Yessica M. Salgado Gallegos 128 Cheryl Sanchez 129 Pilar Santidrián Tomillo 130 David Santillo 131 Denise Santos de Mora 132 Maïa Sarrouf Willson 133 Shir Sassoon 134 Emma A. Schultz 135 Felicity Shapland 136 Donna J. Shaver 137 Mandy W.K. So 138 Kelly Soluri 139 Guy-Philippe Sounguet 140 Doğan Sözbilen 141 Seth P. Stapleton 142 David A. Steen 143 Martin Stelfox 144 Kimberly M. Stewart 145 Lyndsey K. Tanabe 146 Luis A. Tello-Sahagun 147 Jesús Tomás 148 Davinia Torreblanca 149 Anton D. Tucker 150 Craig Turley 151 Ivon Vassileva 152 Sara Vieira 153 Martha R. Villalba-Guerra 154 Gerardo Villaseñor Castañeda 155 Ricardo Villaseñor Llamas 156 Matthew Ware 157 Sam B. Weber 158 Lindsey West 159 Clemency Whittles 160 Paul A. Whittock 161 Joseph Widlansky 162 Brendan J. Godley 163 69344__34089__e10fc397e8a0458cb1e554831a50da0d.pdf 69344.VoR.pdf 2025-04-24T12:04:34.2640244 Output 3151269 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches
spellingShingle A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches
Nicole Esteban
title_short A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches
title_full A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches
title_fullStr A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches
title_full_unstemmed A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches
title_sort A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches
author_id_str_mv fb2e760b83b4580e7445092982f1f319
author_id_fullname_str_mv fb2e760b83b4580e7445092982f1f319_***_Nicole Esteban
author Nicole Esteban
author2 Zara L.R. Botterell
Jed Ardren
Elly Dove
Ellen McArthur
David S. Addison
Oyeronke M. Adegbile
Pierre Didier Agamboue
Andrews Agyekumhene
Phil Allman
Alexandra Alterman
Adren Anderson
Theresa Arenholz
Daniel Ariano-Sánchez
Zephania Arnold
José C. Báez
Anat Bahar
Castro Barbosa
Hector Barrios-Garrido
Eyup Başkale
Michael L. Berumen
Vanessa S. Bézy
Janice Blumenthal
Manuela R. Borja Bosquirolli
Alysia J. Boyce
Elizabeth Brammer-Robbins
Maria Branco
Annabelle M.L. Brooks
Nancy Bunbury
Luis Cardona
Helen Chadwick
Giannis Chalkias
Kimberly Chug
Jessica Clark
Matthew Cole
Rachel L. Coppock
Eduardo Cuevas
Tiffany M. Dawson
Maria Denaro
Rodrigo Donadi
Corrine Douglas
Ryan Douglas
Emily Drobes
Chloé Dubois
Emily M. Duncan
Chloe A. Elston
Nicole Esteban
Gabriela Fernandes
Maria B. Ferreira-Airaud
Sarah A. Finn
Jerome Fisayo Christie
Angela Formia
Sabrina Fossette-Halot
Mariana M.P.B. Fuentes
Tamara S. Galloway
Matthew H. Godfrey
Joanna Goodfellow
Vicente Guzmán-Hernández
Catherine E. Hart
Graeme C. Hays
Sarah E. Hirsch
Sandra Hochscheid
Karen G. Holloway-Adkins
Julia A. Horrocks
Emi Inoguchi
Gélica E. Inteca
Claire Jean
Yakup Kaska
Brice Didier Koumba Mabert
Amandine Lambot
Yaniv Levy
Ceri Lewis
César P. Ley-Quiñonez
Penelope K. Lindeque
Israel Llamas
Sergio Lopez-Martinez
Javier López-Navas
Kelsey Mack
Fernando M. Madeira
Fulvio Maffucci
Roksana Majewska
Agnese Mancini
Katherine L. Mansfield
Adolfo Marco
Dimitris Margaritoulis
Isabel Marques da Silva
Samir Martins
Andrew S. Maurer
Wendy J. McFarlane
Carmen Mejías-Balsalobre
Maxine A. Montello
Jeanne A. Mortimer
Sarah E. Nelms
Josep Nogués Vera
Christelle Not
Olga Novillo-Sanjuan
Karen Oceguera Camacho
Omri Omessi
Breanna Ondich
Mark Outerbridge
Nicolas Paranthoen
Jessica Pate
S. Michelle Pate
Ana R. Patrício
Odysseas Paxinos
Tami Pearl
Justin R. Perrault
Angela S. Picknell
Susanna Piovano
Ernesto I. Pococa Arellano
Alwyn Ponteen
Shritika S. Prakash
Jairo Quiros Rosales
Vicky Rae
Azzakirat B.A. Raman
Tyffen Read
Katie E. Reeve-Arnold
Richard D. Reina
Stefanie Reinhardt
Flavia Riberiro
Andrew J. Richardson
Marga L. Rivas
Dani Rob
Joseph Roche Chaloner
Christopher E. Rogers
Daniela Rojas-Cañizales
Frank Rosell
Enerit Sacdanaku
Yessica M. Salgado Gallegos
Cheryl Sanchez
Pilar Santidrián Tomillo
David Santillo
Denise Santos de Mora
Maïa Sarrouf Willson
Shir Sassoon
Emma A. Schultz
Felicity Shapland
Donna J. Shaver
Mandy W.K. So
Kelly Soluri
Guy-Philippe Sounguet
Doğan Sözbilen
Seth P. Stapleton
David A. Steen
Martin Stelfox
Kimberly M. Stewart
Lyndsey K. Tanabe
Luis A. Tello-Sahagun
Jesús Tomás
Davinia Torreblanca
Anton D. Tucker
Craig Turley
Ivon Vassileva
Sara Vieira
Martha R. Villalba-Guerra
Gerardo Villaseñor Castañeda
Ricardo Villaseñor Llamas
Matthew Ware
Sam B. Weber
Lindsey West
Clemency Whittles
Paul A. Whittock
Joseph Widlansky
Brendan J. Godley
format Journal article
container_title Marine Pollution Bulletin
container_volume 215
container_start_page 117768
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 0025-326X
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117768
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Sandy coastal beaches are an important nesting habitat for marine turtles and a known sink for plastic pollution. Existing methodologies for monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of abundance and composition of plastic are, however, disparate. We engaged a global network of marine turtle scientists to implement a large-scale sampling effort to assess microplastic abundance in beach sediments on marine turtle nesting beaches. Sand samples were collected from 209 sites spanning six oceans, microplastics (1-5 mm) were extracted through stacked sieves, visually identified, and a sub-sample verified via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Microplastics were detected in 45 % (n = 94) of beaches and within five ocean basins. Microplastic presence and abundance was found to vary markedly within and among ocean basins, with the highest proportion of contaminated beaches found in the Mediterranean (80 %). We present all data in an accessible, open access format to facilitate the extension of monitoring efforts and empower novel analytical approaches.
published_date 2025-06-01T14:15:34Z
_version_ 1851040448458522624
score 11.089469

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