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Biochar production, activation, and applications: A comprehensive technical review

Lisa Mingzhe Sun, Sean R. McIntyre, Paul Iacomi, Katie Everden, Paul T. Williams, Shuang Zong, Xinying Liu, Xiefei Zhu, Yanke Yang, Shuangjun Li, Gang Wu, Fei Huang, Lina Liu, Xiangzhou Yuan, Huiyan Zhang, Junjie Zhang, Haiping Yang, Wei Chen, Hongman Sun, Yang Cao, Dongdong Feng, Zhenyu Cheng, Xiong Zhang, Daxin Liang, Shengkai Liu, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Xiaohong Zhu, Ye Shui Zhang, Yongliang Yan, Jianrui Zha, Yuanting Qiao Orcid Logo, Salman Masoudi Soltani, Ning Zhang, Shouliang Yi, Chunfei Wu

Carbon Capture Science & Technology, Volume: 16, Start page: 100421

Swansea University Author: Yuanting Qiao Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100421

Abstract

Our planet has been facing critical challenges since the late 20th century, including climate change, resource shortages, environmental degradation and pollution, demanding urgent and sustainable solutions. Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has gained attention for its...

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Published in: Carbon Capture Science & Technology
ISSN: 2772-6568
Published: Elsevier Ltd 2025
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69252
Abstract: Our planet has been facing critical challenges since the late 20th century, including climate change, resource shortages, environmental degradation and pollution, demanding urgent and sustainable solutions. Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has gained attention for its great potentials in environmental remediation, pollutant removals, carbon neutrality, soil amendment, building materials, etc. The performance of biochar in these applications is highly related to its physicochemical properties, which are influenced by the feedstock and the preparation/activation methods. This paper reviews a wide range of biochar produced from various feedstocks and their performance in different applications. Advanced characterisations are discussed to unveil the fundamental mechanisms and provide insights for further improvement and optimization. The techno-economic analysis evaluates the feasibility, challenges, and opportunities for scaling up and adopting biochar in potential applications. By focusing on biochar's multifunctionality and sustainability, this paper provides a reference for future research on developing biochar as a green technology with environmental and economic benefits.
Item Description: Review
Keywords: Biochar production; Biochar characterisation; Carbon neutrality; Environmental remediation, Soil amendments; Pollutant removal; Techno-economic analysis
College: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Start Page: 100421

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