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Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes

Luke Cox Orcid Logo, Marie Chollier, Shane Heffernan Orcid Logo, Andrew Harvey Orcid Logo, Georgina Stebbings Orcid Logo, Alun Williams Orcid Logo, NIALL FIFE, ALEXANDRA SHAW

European Journal of Sport Science

Swansea University Authors: Luke Cox Orcid Logo, Shane Heffernan Orcid Logo, Andrew Harvey Orcid Logo, NIALL FIFE, ALEXANDRA SHAW

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/ejsc.12300

Abstract

There have been limited studies allowing key stakeholders the opportunity to voice their opinions on DSD athlete participation in elite sport. The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed natio...

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Published in: European Journal of Sport Science
ISSN: 1746-1391 1536-7290
Published: Wiley
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69231
first_indexed 2025-04-07T08:49:00Z
last_indexed 2025-04-26T04:35:47Z
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The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed national, elite and world class athletes (n = 147) competing in the female category regarding their opinions on the eligibility of DSD athletes in elite sport. The study compared current and retired Olympic sport athletes, elite versus world class athletes and current Olympic sport versus current Olympic&#x2010;recognised sport athletes. Most athletes believed that it was an unethical requirement to medicate in order to comply with eligibility regulations (67.2%). Overall, athletes did not support a separate category for DSD athletes, an opinion most strongly held for precision sports (69.5%) and a majority believed their participation in the female category was fair (54.4%, precision sports). This opinion was more commonly held by Olympic recognised sport than current Olympic sport athletes, particularly for sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (61.1% vs. 20%). More current Olympic sport athletes believed that the eligibility of DSD athletes for the female category was unfair, compared to Olympic&#x2010;recognised sport athletes. Athletes agreed that sports federations could be doing more to make sport more inclusive for DSD athletes (82.2%), with only 8.2% believing such athletes were treated fairly. 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spelling 2025-04-25T13:43:13.8275138 v2 69231 2025-04-07 Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes 9811ac84cad867903c385bf7086dfd2d 0000-0001-7625-4603 Luke Cox Luke Cox true false 72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807 0000-0002-3297-9335 Shane Heffernan Shane Heffernan true false 3c464ab4b255dab5d96eee5ec26fe09c 0000-0003-1307-0326 Andrew Harvey Andrew Harvey true false a098adf89132518861922904303ef579 NIALL FIFE NIALL FIFE true false 4d21982b5f4d642cc12a58f6e7701df1 ALEXANDRA SHAW ALEXANDRA SHAW true false 2025-04-07 EAAS There have been limited studies allowing key stakeholders the opportunity to voice their opinions on DSD athlete participation in elite sport. The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed national, elite and world class athletes (n = 147) competing in the female category regarding their opinions on the eligibility of DSD athletes in elite sport. The study compared current and retired Olympic sport athletes, elite versus world class athletes and current Olympic sport versus current Olympic‐recognised sport athletes. Most athletes believed that it was an unethical requirement to medicate in order to comply with eligibility regulations (67.2%). Overall, athletes did not support a separate category for DSD athletes, an opinion most strongly held for precision sports (69.5%) and a majority believed their participation in the female category was fair (54.4%, precision sports). This opinion was more commonly held by Olympic recognised sport than current Olympic sport athletes, particularly for sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (61.1% vs. 20%). More current Olympic sport athletes believed that the eligibility of DSD athletes for the female category was unfair, compared to Olympic‐recognised sport athletes. Athletes agreed that sports federations could be doing more to make sport more inclusive for DSD athletes (82.2%), with only 8.2% believing such athletes were treated fairly. After reviewing these novel results, the athletes' voice (in combination with scientific evidence) should be utilised to create appropriate policies that align with the collective values of athletes. Journal Article European Journal of Sport Science 0 Wiley 1746-1391 1536-7290 0 0 0 0001-01-01 10.1002/ejsc.12300 In press - Forthcoming COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Swansea University 2025-04-25T13:43:13.8275138 2025-04-07T09:43:26.4660843 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Luke Cox 0000-0001-7625-4603 1 Marie Chollier 2 Shane Heffernan 0000-0002-3297-9335 3 Andrew Harvey 0000-0003-1307-0326 4 Georgina Stebbings 0000-0003-0706-2864 5 Alun Williams 0000-0002-8052-8184 6 NIALL FIFE 7 ALEXANDRA SHAW 8
title Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
spellingShingle Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
Luke Cox
Shane Heffernan
Andrew Harvey
NIALL FIFE
ALEXANDRA SHAW
title_short Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
title_full Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
title_fullStr Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
title_full_unstemmed Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
title_sort Eligibility of Athletes with a Difference in Sex Development in Elite Sport: Opinions of National, Elite and World Class Athletes
author_id_str_mv 9811ac84cad867903c385bf7086dfd2d
72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807
3c464ab4b255dab5d96eee5ec26fe09c
a098adf89132518861922904303ef579
4d21982b5f4d642cc12a58f6e7701df1
author_id_fullname_str_mv 9811ac84cad867903c385bf7086dfd2d_***_Luke Cox
72c0b36891dfbec0378c0d0f7916e807_***_Shane Heffernan
3c464ab4b255dab5d96eee5ec26fe09c_***_Andrew Harvey
a098adf89132518861922904303ef579_***_NIALL FIFE
4d21982b5f4d642cc12a58f6e7701df1_***_ALEXANDRA SHAW
author Luke Cox
Shane Heffernan
Andrew Harvey
NIALL FIFE
ALEXANDRA SHAW
author2 Luke Cox
Marie Chollier
Shane Heffernan
Andrew Harvey
Georgina Stebbings
Alun Williams
NIALL FIFE
ALEXANDRA SHAW
format Journal article
container_title European Journal of Sport Science
container_volume 0
institution Swansea University
issn 1746-1391
1536-7290
doi_str_mv 10.1002/ejsc.12300
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description There have been limited studies allowing key stakeholders the opportunity to voice their opinions on DSD athlete participation in elite sport. The purpose of this study was to survey athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding DSD athletes' inclusion. This study surveyed national, elite and world class athletes (n = 147) competing in the female category regarding their opinions on the eligibility of DSD athletes in elite sport. The study compared current and retired Olympic sport athletes, elite versus world class athletes and current Olympic sport versus current Olympic‐recognised sport athletes. Most athletes believed that it was an unethical requirement to medicate in order to comply with eligibility regulations (67.2%). Overall, athletes did not support a separate category for DSD athletes, an opinion most strongly held for precision sports (69.5%) and a majority believed their participation in the female category was fair (54.4%, precision sports). This opinion was more commonly held by Olympic recognised sport than current Olympic sport athletes, particularly for sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (61.1% vs. 20%). More current Olympic sport athletes believed that the eligibility of DSD athletes for the female category was unfair, compared to Olympic‐recognised sport athletes. Athletes agreed that sports federations could be doing more to make sport more inclusive for DSD athletes (82.2%), with only 8.2% believing such athletes were treated fairly. After reviewing these novel results, the athletes' voice (in combination with scientific evidence) should be utilised to create appropriate policies that align with the collective values of athletes.
published_date 0001-01-01T14:10:38Z
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