Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective

Khanna, Ruhani; Reinwald, Yvonne; Hugtenburg, Richard; Bertolet, Alejandro; Serjouei, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.revip.2025.100110

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Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective

Ruhani Khanna, Yvonne Reinwald, Richard Hugtenburg

, Alejandro Bertolet, Ahmad Serjouei

Reviews in Physics, Volume: 13, Start page: 100110

Swansea University Author: Richard Hugtenburg

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100110

Abstract

GEANT4-DNA is an expansion of the widely utilised GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit. This extension focuses on modelling the physical, chemical, and biological stages of ionising radiation for radiobiological applications at cellular and DNA level interactions. To date, review papers on GEANT4-DNA focus so...

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Published in:	Reviews in Physics
ISSN:	2405-4283
Published:	Elsevier BV 2025
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69101

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last_indexed	2025-04-11T05:22:13Z
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spelling	2025-04-10T14:31:09.0713020 v2 69101 2025-03-14 Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective efd2f52ea19cb047e01a01e6fa6fa54c 0000-0003-0352-9607 Richard Hugtenburg Richard Hugtenburg true false 2025-03-14 MEDS GEANT4-DNA is an expansion of the widely utilised GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit. This extension focuses on modelling the physical, chemical, and biological stages of ionising radiation for radiobiological applications at cellular and DNA level interactions. To date, review papers on GEANT4-DNA focus solely on evaluating a selection of the latest developments with a greater focus on mechanistic developments rather than progress in biologically specific geometries. In this work, an overview of biological analysis and biological geometries that have been developed are discussed, highlighting the latest developments and future possible development avenues for GEANT4-DNA for this application. An overview of the biological organisation levels, namely DNA, cellular, and population levels, and how GEANT4-DNA models the physical, chemical, and biological processes are also described. This review emphasises the need for persistent development of specific biological geometry accompanied by personalised DNA damage analysis parameters dependent on the biological processes considered within a specific model. It also provides an in-depth understanding of the advances at all the biological organisation levels (DNA, cellular, and population) and the use of co-operative platforms developed to model alongside GEANT4 to provide further detailed geometries and or biological damage analysis. The developments presented have been analytically discussed along with their key findings and prospects for GEANT4-DNA. Finally, a perspective on future necessary developments is portrayed since many of the advancements in the biological analysis and biological geometries discussed have not been exploited to their full potential. The development of GEANT4-DNA, using the advances discussed in this review, provides a favourable method for the evaluation of biological damage comparable to radiobiological studies. Journal Article Reviews in Physics 13 100110 Elsevier BV 2405-4283 GEANT4-DNA; DNA damage; Cell-specific modelling; Cell population model; Monte Carlo; Mechanistic modelling; Track-structure 1 12 2025 2025-12-01 10.1016/j.revip.2025.100110 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2025-04-10T14:31:09.0713020 2025-03-14T14:35:35.8073890 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medical Physics Ruhani Khanna 1 Yvonne Reinwald 2 Richard Hugtenburg 0000-0003-0352-9607 3 Alejandro Bertolet 4 Ahmad Serjouei 0000-0002-7250-4131 5 69101__34002__8667d8433b644e2f826b2d32f2228196.pdf 69101.VoR.pdf 2025-04-10T14:28:41.1360328 Output 9126939 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title	Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective
spellingShingle	Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective Richard Hugtenburg
title_short	Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective
title_full	Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective
title_fullStr	Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective
title_full_unstemmed	Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective
title_sort	Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective
author_id_str_mv	efd2f52ea19cb047e01a01e6fa6fa54c
author_id_fullname_str_mv	efd2f52ea19cb047e01a01e6fa6fa54c_***_Richard Hugtenburg
author	Richard Hugtenburg
author2	Ruhani Khanna Yvonne Reinwald Richard Hugtenburg Alejandro Bertolet Ahmad Serjouei
format	Journal article
container_title	Reviews in Physics
container_volume	13
container_start_page	100110
publishDate	2025
institution	Swansea University
issn	2405-4283
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.revip.2025.100110
publisher	Elsevier BV
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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description	GEANT4-DNA is an expansion of the widely utilised GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit. This extension focuses on modelling the physical, chemical, and biological stages of ionising radiation for radiobiological applications at cellular and DNA level interactions. To date, review papers on GEANT4-DNA focus solely on evaluating a selection of the latest developments with a greater focus on mechanistic developments rather than progress in biologically specific geometries. In this work, an overview of biological analysis and biological geometries that have been developed are discussed, highlighting the latest developments and future possible development avenues for GEANT4-DNA for this application. An overview of the biological organisation levels, namely DNA, cellular, and population levels, and how GEANT4-DNA models the physical, chemical, and biological processes are also described. This review emphasises the need for persistent development of specific biological geometry accompanied by personalised DNA damage analysis parameters dependent on the biological processes considered within a specific model. It also provides an in-depth understanding of the advances at all the biological organisation levels (DNA, cellular, and population) and the use of co-operative platforms developed to model alongside GEANT4 to provide further detailed geometries and or biological damage analysis. The developments presented have been analytically discussed along with their key findings and prospects for GEANT4-DNA. Finally, a perspective on future necessary developments is portrayed since many of the advancements in the biological analysis and biological geometries discussed have not been exploited to their full potential. The development of GEANT4-DNA, using the advances discussed in this review, provides a favourable method for the evaluation of biological damage comparable to radiobiological studies.
published_date	2025-12-01T05:27:17Z
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Review of the geometrical developments in GEANT4-DNA: From a biological perspective

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