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Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications

Owen Embury Orcid Logo, Christopher J. Merchant Orcid Logo, Simon A. Good Orcid Logo, Nick A. Rayner Orcid Logo, Jacob L. Høyer Orcid Logo, Chris Atkinson Orcid Logo, Thomas Block Orcid Logo, Emy Alerskans Orcid Logo, Kevin Pearson Orcid Logo, Mark Worsfold Orcid Logo, Niall McCarroll, Craig Donlon

Scientific Data, Volume: 11, Issue: 1

Swansea University Author: Kevin Pearson Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41597-024-03147-w

Abstract

A 42-year climate data record of global sea surface temperature (SST) covering 1980 to 2021 has been produced from satellite observations, with a high degree of independence from in situ measurements. Observations from twenty infrared and two microwave radiometers are used, and are adjusted for thei...

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Published in: Scientific Data
ISSN: 2052-4463
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2024
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Observations from twenty infrared and two microwave radiometers are used, and are adjusted for their differing times of day of measurement to avoid aliasing and ensure observational stability. A total of 1.5 &#xD7; 1013 locations are processed, yielding 1.4 &#xD7; 1012 SST observations deemed to be suitable for climate applications. The corresponding observation density varies from less than 1&#x2009;km&#x2212;2 yr&#x2212;1 in 1980 to over 100&#x2009;km&#x2212;2 yr&#x2212;1 after 2007. Data are provided at their native resolution, averaged on a global 0.05&#xB0; latitude-longitude grid (single-sensor with gaps), and as a daily, merged, gap-free, SST analysis at 0.05&#xB0;. The data include the satellite-based SSTs, the corresponding time-and-depth standardised estimates, their standard uncertainty and quality flags. 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Te European Space Agency supported three phases of the Climate Change Initiative for Sea Surface Temperature, and has provided the majority of the support leading to the outcomes herein described, via contracts 4000101570/10/I-AM, 4000109848/13/I-NB and 4000126471/19/I-NB. Te Copernicus Climate Change Service funded ICDR developments between 2017 and 2022 under frameworks: 2016/C3S_312a_Lot3_TVUK, 2018/C3S_312b_Lot3_CLS, and 2021/C3S2_312a_Lot3_ METNorway. From 2023 onwards the ICDR is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant NE/X019071/1 (EOCIS) and the UK Marine and Climate Advisory Service (UKMCAS), beneftting from the Earth Observation Investment Package of the Department of Science, Innovation and Technology. Additional development of the SLSTR algorithms was funded by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, grant numbers EUM/CO/20/4600002392/GKC and EUM/CO/21/4600002531/AOC, and ESA under grant 4000111836/14/I-LG. Development of the AVHRR bias-aware method was supported by: the National Centre for Earth Observation (UK) core science programme; the Visiting Scientist programme of the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility of EUMETSAT (OSI_VS18_03); and UK EPSRC Grant No. EP/P002331/1 &#x201C;Data Assimilation for the Resilient City&#x201D; (DARE). Foundational work has been supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants: NE/C508893/1, NE/D001129/1, NE/H004130/1 and NE/D011582/1. 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spelling 2025-03-13T17:14:42.5569752 v2 69081 2025-03-12 Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications 9bc790a2dd52b92e78af7d46f67f9cf6 0000-0001-5848-7614 Kevin Pearson Kevin Pearson true false 2025-03-12 BGPS A 42-year climate data record of global sea surface temperature (SST) covering 1980 to 2021 has been produced from satellite observations, with a high degree of independence from in situ measurements. Observations from twenty infrared and two microwave radiometers are used, and are adjusted for their differing times of day of measurement to avoid aliasing and ensure observational stability. A total of 1.5 × 1013 locations are processed, yielding 1.4 × 1012 SST observations deemed to be suitable for climate applications. The corresponding observation density varies from less than 1 km−2 yr−1 in 1980 to over 100 km−2 yr−1 after 2007. Data are provided at their native resolution, averaged on a global 0.05° latitude-longitude grid (single-sensor with gaps), and as a daily, merged, gap-free, SST analysis at 0.05°. The data include the satellite-based SSTs, the corresponding time-and-depth standardised estimates, their standard uncertainty and quality flags. Accuracy, spatial coverage and length of record are all improved relative to a previous version, and the timeseries is routinely extended in time using consistent methods. Journal Article Scientific Data 11 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2052-4463 29 3 2024 2024-03-29 10.1038/s41597-024-03147-w COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Te authors gratefully acknowledge funding for this work as follows. Te European Space Agency supported three phases of the Climate Change Initiative for Sea Surface Temperature, and has provided the majority of the support leading to the outcomes herein described, via contracts 4000101570/10/I-AM, 4000109848/13/I-NB and 4000126471/19/I-NB. Te Copernicus Climate Change Service funded ICDR developments between 2017 and 2022 under frameworks: 2016/C3S_312a_Lot3_TVUK, 2018/C3S_312b_Lot3_CLS, and 2021/C3S2_312a_Lot3_ METNorway. From 2023 onwards the ICDR is funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant NE/X019071/1 (EOCIS) and the UK Marine and Climate Advisory Service (UKMCAS), beneftting from the Earth Observation Investment Package of the Department of Science, Innovation and Technology. Additional development of the SLSTR algorithms was funded by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, grant numbers EUM/CO/20/4600002392/GKC and EUM/CO/21/4600002531/AOC, and ESA under grant 4000111836/14/I-LG. Development of the AVHRR bias-aware method was supported by: the National Centre for Earth Observation (UK) core science programme; the Visiting Scientist programme of the Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility of EUMETSAT (OSI_VS18_03); and UK EPSRC Grant No. EP/P002331/1 “Data Assimilation for the Resilient City” (DARE). Foundational work has been supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) grants: NE/C508893/1, NE/D001129/1, NE/H004130/1 and NE/D011582/1. Use of the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis computational facilities been supported in part by the NERC National Centre for Earth Observation. 2025-03-13T17:14:42.5569752 2025-03-12T09:11:05.8434554 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Owen Embury 0000-0002-1661-7828 1 Christopher J. Merchant 0000-0003-4687-9850 2 Simon A. Good 0000-0001-9924-2445 3 Nick A. Rayner 0000-0002-8334-5519 4 Jacob L. Høyer 0000-0002-4141-0490 5 Chris Atkinson 0000-0002-8440-9860 6 Thomas Block 0000-0003-1773-8864 7 Emy Alerskans 0000-0001-8206-5999 8 Kevin Pearson 0000-0001-5848-7614 9 Mark Worsfold 0000-0003-0722-4456 10 Niall McCarroll 11 Craig Donlon 12 69081__33793__e114f7724cde4b0887358f562c7fe7b0.pdf s41597-024-03147-w.pdf 2025-03-12T10:08:11.4427563 Output 3136259 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 312 NERC EDS Centre for Environmental Data Analysis true doi:10.5285/61b7a51d72b54692890d45818307d72f false
title Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications
spellingShingle Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications
Kevin Pearson
title_short Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications
title_full Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications
title_fullStr Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications
title_full_unstemmed Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications
title_sort Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1980 for climate applications
author_id_str_mv 9bc790a2dd52b92e78af7d46f67f9cf6
author_id_fullname_str_mv 9bc790a2dd52b92e78af7d46f67f9cf6_***_Kevin Pearson
author Kevin Pearson
author2 Owen Embury
Christopher J. Merchant
Simon A. Good
Nick A. Rayner
Jacob L. Høyer
Chris Atkinson
Thomas Block
Emy Alerskans
Kevin Pearson
Mark Worsfold
Niall McCarroll
Craig Donlon
format Journal article
container_title Scientific Data
container_volume 11
container_issue 1
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2052-4463
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41597-024-03147-w
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description A 42-year climate data record of global sea surface temperature (SST) covering 1980 to 2021 has been produced from satellite observations, with a high degree of independence from in situ measurements. Observations from twenty infrared and two microwave radiometers are used, and are adjusted for their differing times of day of measurement to avoid aliasing and ensure observational stability. A total of 1.5 × 1013 locations are processed, yielding 1.4 × 1012 SST observations deemed to be suitable for climate applications. The corresponding observation density varies from less than 1 km−2 yr−1 in 1980 to over 100 km−2 yr−1 after 2007. Data are provided at their native resolution, averaged on a global 0.05° latitude-longitude grid (single-sensor with gaps), and as a daily, merged, gap-free, SST analysis at 0.05°. The data include the satellite-based SSTs, the corresponding time-and-depth standardised estimates, their standard uncertainty and quality flags. Accuracy, spatial coverage and length of record are all improved relative to a previous version, and the timeseries is routinely extended in time using consistent methods.
published_date 2024-03-29T14:14:50Z
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score 11.089677

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