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The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners

Suresh Gopala Pillai Orcid Logo, J. C. Zaldua, O. Watson, D. J. Gregoire, SURESH PILLAI, Y. Hellsten, Karl Hawkins Orcid Logo, Adrian Evans

BMC Neurology, Volume: 25, Issue: 1

Swansea University Authors: Suresh Gopala Pillai Orcid Logo, SURESH PILLAI, Karl Hawkins Orcid Logo, Adrian Evans

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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/s12883-025-04074-y

Abstract

BackgroundExercise in healthy individuals is associated with a hypercoagulable phase, leading to a temporary increase in clot mass and strength, which are controlled by an effective fibrinolytic system. Conversely, people with cardiovascular diseases often have a reduced fibrinolytic pathway, increa...

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Published in: BMC Neurology
ISSN: 1471-2377
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69074
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Conversely, people with cardiovascular diseases often have a reduced fibrinolytic pathway, increased clot mass and abnormal clot contraction, resulting in poorer outcomes. We assessed clot microstructure, particularly the contractile forces of clot formation, in response to two exercise intensities in middle-aged/older runners.MethodsTwenty-eight habitual male and female runners aged over 40 years completed a 10 km moderate-intensity run; 14 of them performed a 3 km high-intensity run. Blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately postexercise and after 1 h of rest. Clot structural biomarkers df, gel time, and measurements of mature clot mechanical properties (gel time, G&#x2019;Max and CFmax) were analysed alongside conventional plasma markers.ResultsBoth exercise intensities altered markers of coagulant activity (PT, APTT and FVIII) and fibrinolysis (D-dimer), indicating hypercoagulability. Compared with longer-duration lower-intensity exercise, df was greater after short-duration intensified exercise bouts. Following an hour of rest, df dropped to baseline levels. Additionally, CFmax decreased across timepoints at both exercise intensities. This effect was noted after one hour of rest compared with baseline, suggesting continuous fibrinolytic activity postexercise.ConclusionExercise transiently induces an intensity-dependent hypercoagulable state, resulting in denser clot formation and a reduced clot contractile force due to fibrinolysis. These findings can help guide the safe commencement of rehabilitation exercise programs for cerebrovascular patients.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>BMC Neurology</journal><volume>25</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1471-2377</issnElectronic><keywords>Clot microstructure; Clot mass; Clot contraction; Exercise; Physical activity; Middle-aged/olderadults; Endurance-trained; Runners</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2025</publishedYear><publishedDate>2025-03-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1186/s12883-025-04074-y</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2025-04-10T15:16:52.9014123</lastEdited><Created>2025-03-10T09:15:14.2335327</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Suresh</firstname><surname>Gopala Pillai</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9753-6949</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>J. 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spelling 2025-04-10T15:16:52.9014123 v2 69074 2025-03-10 The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners f567f8d5db61d62ef08e811676fd8430 0000-0002-9753-6949 Suresh Gopala Pillai Suresh Gopala Pillai true false 8aaea9546351c31ee21f473e4fd0459d SURESH PILLAI SURESH PILLAI true false 77c39404a9a98c6e2283d84815cba053 0000-0003-0174-4151 Karl Hawkins Karl Hawkins true false 21761f6eb805546a561c9f036e85405b Adrian Evans Adrian Evans true false 2025-03-10 MEDS BackgroundExercise in healthy individuals is associated with a hypercoagulable phase, leading to a temporary increase in clot mass and strength, which are controlled by an effective fibrinolytic system. Conversely, people with cardiovascular diseases often have a reduced fibrinolytic pathway, increased clot mass and abnormal clot contraction, resulting in poorer outcomes. We assessed clot microstructure, particularly the contractile forces of clot formation, in response to two exercise intensities in middle-aged/older runners.MethodsTwenty-eight habitual male and female runners aged over 40 years completed a 10 km moderate-intensity run; 14 of them performed a 3 km high-intensity run. Blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately postexercise and after 1 h of rest. Clot structural biomarkers df, gel time, and measurements of mature clot mechanical properties (gel time, G’Max and CFmax) were analysed alongside conventional plasma markers.ResultsBoth exercise intensities altered markers of coagulant activity (PT, APTT and FVIII) and fibrinolysis (D-dimer), indicating hypercoagulability. Compared with longer-duration lower-intensity exercise, df was greater after short-duration intensified exercise bouts. Following an hour of rest, df dropped to baseline levels. Additionally, CFmax decreased across timepoints at both exercise intensities. This effect was noted after one hour of rest compared with baseline, suggesting continuous fibrinolytic activity postexercise.ConclusionExercise transiently induces an intensity-dependent hypercoagulable state, resulting in denser clot formation and a reduced clot contractile force due to fibrinolysis. These findings can help guide the safe commencement of rehabilitation exercise programs for cerebrovascular patients. Journal Article BMC Neurology 25 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 1471-2377 Clot microstructure; Clot mass; Clot contraction; Exercise; Physical activity; Middle-aged/olderadults; Endurance-trained; Runners 1 3 2025 2025-03-01 10.1186/s12883-025-04074-y COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2025-04-10T15:16:52.9014123 2025-03-10T09:15:14.2335327 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science Suresh Gopala Pillai 0000-0002-9753-6949 1 J. C. Zaldua 2 O. Watson 3 D. J. Gregoire 4 SURESH PILLAI 5 Y. Hellsten 6 Karl Hawkins 0000-0003-0174-4151 7 Adrian Evans 8 69074__33777__022733bbf07c460ca39044c45190084e.pdf s12883-025-04074-y.pdf 2025-03-11T11:12:24.0913610 Output 2104006 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 310
title The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners
spellingShingle The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners
Suresh Gopala Pillai
SURESH PILLAI
Karl Hawkins
Adrian Evans
title_short The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners
title_full The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners
title_fullStr The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners
title_full_unstemmed The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners
title_sort The impact of physical activity and intensity on clot mechanical microstructure and contraction in middle-aged/older habitual runners
author_id_str_mv f567f8d5db61d62ef08e811676fd8430
8aaea9546351c31ee21f473e4fd0459d
77c39404a9a98c6e2283d84815cba053
21761f6eb805546a561c9f036e85405b
author_id_fullname_str_mv f567f8d5db61d62ef08e811676fd8430_***_Suresh Gopala Pillai
8aaea9546351c31ee21f473e4fd0459d_***_SURESH PILLAI
77c39404a9a98c6e2283d84815cba053_***_Karl Hawkins
21761f6eb805546a561c9f036e85405b_***_Adrian Evans
author Suresh Gopala Pillai
SURESH PILLAI
Karl Hawkins
Adrian Evans
author2 Suresh Gopala Pillai
J. C. Zaldua
O. Watson
D. J. Gregoire
SURESH PILLAI
Y. Hellsten
Karl Hawkins
Adrian Evans
format Journal article
container_title BMC Neurology
container_volume 25
container_issue 1
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 1471-2377
doi_str_mv 10.1186/s12883-025-04074-y
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BackgroundExercise in healthy individuals is associated with a hypercoagulable phase, leading to a temporary increase in clot mass and strength, which are controlled by an effective fibrinolytic system. Conversely, people with cardiovascular diseases often have a reduced fibrinolytic pathway, increased clot mass and abnormal clot contraction, resulting in poorer outcomes. We assessed clot microstructure, particularly the contractile forces of clot formation, in response to two exercise intensities in middle-aged/older runners.MethodsTwenty-eight habitual male and female runners aged over 40 years completed a 10 km moderate-intensity run; 14 of them performed a 3 km high-intensity run. Blood samples were collected at baseline, immediately postexercise and after 1 h of rest. Clot structural biomarkers df, gel time, and measurements of mature clot mechanical properties (gel time, G’Max and CFmax) were analysed alongside conventional plasma markers.ResultsBoth exercise intensities altered markers of coagulant activity (PT, APTT and FVIII) and fibrinolysis (D-dimer), indicating hypercoagulability. Compared with longer-duration lower-intensity exercise, df was greater after short-duration intensified exercise bouts. Following an hour of rest, df dropped to baseline levels. Additionally, CFmax decreased across timepoints at both exercise intensities. This effect was noted after one hour of rest compared with baseline, suggesting continuous fibrinolytic activity postexercise.ConclusionExercise transiently induces an intensity-dependent hypercoagulable state, resulting in denser clot formation and a reduced clot contractile force due to fibrinolysis. These findings can help guide the safe commencement of rehabilitation exercise programs for cerebrovascular patients.
published_date 2025-03-01T05:27:13Z
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score 11.444473

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