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Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery

AISLING O'MEARA, Carine Lewis, Jason Davies Orcid Logo

PLOS ONE, Volume: 20, Issue: 2, Start page: e0318428

Swansea University Authors: AISLING O'MEARA, Jason Davies Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1371/journal.pone.0318428

Abstract

This review examines the evidence on outcomes for probation staff and the individuals under their supervision resulting from psychological training and support provided to staff. To be included, papers were required to evaluate impact on the outcomes of workforce development, wellbeing, risk and rec...

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Published in: PLOS ONE
ISSN: 1932-6203
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68908
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Workforce outcomes were the most frequently explored, with impacts noted in relation to self-reported confidence and competence. Impacts regarding risk and reconviction were limited both in relation to the number of studies addressing these outcomes and to the implications that could be drawn from these. Positive relational outcomes were reported as a result of OPD delivery, with consultation and formulation processes leading to better staff-offender relationships. The overall quality of evidence produced in the included studies was of a low to medium standard. Small sample sizes, high attrition rates, bespoke measures, and occasionally questionable analyses were some of the limitations noted. 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spelling 2025-02-19T12:13:08.1408072 v2 68908 2025-02-17 Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery b454f6875ece235fabb7b857d333944c AISLING O'MEARA AISLING O'MEARA true false b7dab4136f5c9c0614cda9bf2d5910b0 0000-0002-1694-5370 Jason Davies Jason Davies true false 2025-02-17 This review examines the evidence on outcomes for probation staff and the individuals under their supervision resulting from psychological training and support provided to staff. To be included, papers were required to evaluate impact on the outcomes of workforce development, wellbeing, risk and reconviction, or relationships. This review focussed on the frontline community delivery of a psychologically-informed programme designed for high risk of harm individuals presenting with complex needs; the Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway. Papers addressing impact of OPD interventions beyond core community delivery, or which addressed unrelated outcomes, were excluded from the review. The databases Scopus and EBSCO were searched on 19th October 2022 and titles were screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Quality of evidence was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Due to the heterogenous nature of studies included, only narrative knowledge synthesis was possible and this was organised according to area of outcome explored and participant group. Twenty papers were included, comprising ten quantitative, two mixed, and eight qualitative methodologies (including three case studies). Workforce outcomes were the most frequently explored, with impacts noted in relation to self-reported confidence and competence. Impacts regarding risk and reconviction were limited both in relation to the number of studies addressing these outcomes and to the implications that could be drawn from these. Positive relational outcomes were reported as a result of OPD delivery, with consultation and formulation processes leading to better staff-offender relationships. The overall quality of evidence produced in the included studies was of a low to medium standard. Small sample sizes, high attrition rates, bespoke measures, and occasionally questionable analyses were some of the limitations noted. However, taking quality into account, findings were generally indicative of positive impacts of OPD community delivery, although regional differences in delivery model made generalisability of individual findings difficult. Journal Article PLOS ONE 20 2 e0318428 Public Library of Science (PLoS) 1932-6203 13 2 2025 2025-02-13 10.1371/journal.pone.0318428 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Swansea University provided the open access route to publication. 2025-02-19T12:13:08.1408072 2025-02-17T15:44:16.8780708 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology AISLING O'MEARA 1 Carine Lewis 2 Jason Davies 0000-0002-1694-5370 3 68908__33609__725a6780336b4e42ae131536ddd0c4b6.pdf 68908.VOR.pdf 2025-02-17T15:53:40.6921186 Output 827485 application/pdf Version of Record true Copyright: © 2025 O’Meara et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 304 Aisling O'Meara 0000-0001-5129-7471 true https://osf.io/rz8a5/ false
title Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery
spellingShingle Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery
AISLING O'MEARA
Jason Davies
title_short Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery
title_full Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery
title_fullStr Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery
title_full_unstemmed Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery
title_sort Does psychological support, training and guidance for probation practitioners lead to improved outcomes for service users and staff? A systematic review of Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway community delivery
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b7dab4136f5c9c0614cda9bf2d5910b0_***_Jason Davies
author AISLING O'MEARA
Jason Davies
author2 AISLING O'MEARA
Carine Lewis
Jason Davies
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
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description This review examines the evidence on outcomes for probation staff and the individuals under their supervision resulting from psychological training and support provided to staff. To be included, papers were required to evaluate impact on the outcomes of workforce development, wellbeing, risk and reconviction, or relationships. This review focussed on the frontline community delivery of a psychologically-informed programme designed for high risk of harm individuals presenting with complex needs; the Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway. Papers addressing impact of OPD interventions beyond core community delivery, or which addressed unrelated outcomes, were excluded from the review. The databases Scopus and EBSCO were searched on 19th October 2022 and titles were screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Quality of evidence was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Due to the heterogenous nature of studies included, only narrative knowledge synthesis was possible and this was organised according to area of outcome explored and participant group. Twenty papers were included, comprising ten quantitative, two mixed, and eight qualitative methodologies (including three case studies). Workforce outcomes were the most frequently explored, with impacts noted in relation to self-reported confidence and competence. Impacts regarding risk and reconviction were limited both in relation to the number of studies addressing these outcomes and to the implications that could be drawn from these. Positive relational outcomes were reported as a result of OPD delivery, with consultation and formulation processes leading to better staff-offender relationships. The overall quality of evidence produced in the included studies was of a low to medium standard. Small sample sizes, high attrition rates, bespoke measures, and occasionally questionable analyses were some of the limitations noted. However, taking quality into account, findings were generally indicative of positive impacts of OPD community delivery, although regional differences in delivery model made generalisability of individual findings difficult.
published_date 2025-02-13T09:39:54Z
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