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Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity

Danielle Goodwin, Mariolino Carta Orcid Logo, MUHAMMAD ALI, DANIEL GILLARD, Owen Guy Orcid Logo

ACS Sensors

Swansea University Authors: Danielle Goodwin, Mariolino Carta Orcid Logo, MUHAMMAD ALI, DANIEL GILLARD, Owen Guy Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acssensors.4c03291

Abstract

In this study, we report on the fabrication and evaluation of gas sensing performance for 3 × 3 graphene pixel array sensors coated with polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1 and PIM-EA-TB) and Matrimid, a commercial polyimide, for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The polymer films, wit...

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Published in: ACS Sensors
ISSN: 2379-3694
Published: American Chemical Society (ACS) 2025
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68905
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spelling 2025-02-25T13:31:00.6349466 v2 68905 2025-02-17 Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity 10c27360c645ed7ade4456a7cb3c4fda Danielle Goodwin Danielle Goodwin true false 56aebf2bba457f395149bbecbfa6d3eb 0000-0003-0718-6971 Mariolino Carta Mariolino Carta true false 9f641e5a127823e57c83da68cca3f0bb MUHAMMAD ALI MUHAMMAD ALI true false 8d0ab7c755ce2c1d8b66d1da4eb31aad DANIEL GILLARD DANIEL GILLARD true false c7fa5949b8528e048c5b978005f66794 0000-0002-6449-4033 Owen Guy Owen Guy true false 2025-02-17 BGPS In this study, we report on the fabrication and evaluation of gas sensing performance for 3 × 3 graphene pixel array sensors coated with polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1 and PIM-EA-TB) and Matrimid, a commercial polyimide, for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The polymer films, with thicknesses of only 9–11 nm, significantly enhanced the gas sensing performance, demonstrating responses as high as −25.7% compared to a bare graphene response of −10.8%. The gas sensing performance was evaluated in real-time by exposing the sensors to NO2 concentrations from 1 to 50 ppm, along with selectivity tests using ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition to their high sensitivity, the sensors exhibited reduced response times by 56 s. They also demonstrated high selectivity for NO2, with minimal cross-sensitivity to other gases. Furthermore, the polymer membranes exhibited rapid recovery times (114–153 s) and limits of detection in the low parts per billion range, with PIM-EA-TB achieving a detection limit of 0.7 ppb. These features highlight their potential as promising candidates for real-time environmental monitoring of toxic gases, showcasing the potential use of PIMs to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of graphene-based gas sensors and providing a foundation for further development of cost-effective and reliable NO2 detection systems. Journal Article ACS Sensors 0 American Chemical Society (ACS) 2379-3694 graphene, gas sensors, surface modification, polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), nitrogen dioxide 17 2 2025 2025-02-17 10.1021/acssensors.4c03291 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) This research was supported by the COATED M2A funding from the European Social Fund via the Welsh Government (c80816) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant ref: EP/S02252X/1). SEM facilities were provided by the Swansea University AIM Facility, funded in part by the EPSRC (EP/M028267/1), the European Regional Development Fund through the Welsh Government (80708). 2025-02-25T13:31:00.6349466 2025-02-17T14:59:04.8638386 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Danielle Goodwin 1 Mariolino Carta 0000-0003-0718-6971 2 MUHAMMAD ALI 3 DANIEL GILLARD 4 Owen Guy 0000-0002-6449-4033 5 68905__33671__96c290c167a741c8a01d8f4109697ade.pdf 68905.VOR.pdf 2025-02-25T13:26:54.9496042 Output 5881033 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0 . true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
spellingShingle Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
Danielle Goodwin
Mariolino Carta
MUHAMMAD ALI
DANIEL GILLARD
Owen Guy
title_short Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_full Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_fullStr Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
title_sort Enhanced Nitrogen Dioxide Detection Using Resistive Graphene-based Electronic Sensors Modified with Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity
author_id_str_mv 10c27360c645ed7ade4456a7cb3c4fda
56aebf2bba457f395149bbecbfa6d3eb
9f641e5a127823e57c83da68cca3f0bb
8d0ab7c755ce2c1d8b66d1da4eb31aad
c7fa5949b8528e048c5b978005f66794
author_id_fullname_str_mv 10c27360c645ed7ade4456a7cb3c4fda_***_Danielle Goodwin
56aebf2bba457f395149bbecbfa6d3eb_***_Mariolino Carta
9f641e5a127823e57c83da68cca3f0bb_***_MUHAMMAD ALI
8d0ab7c755ce2c1d8b66d1da4eb31aad_***_DANIEL GILLARD
c7fa5949b8528e048c5b978005f66794_***_Owen Guy
author Danielle Goodwin
Mariolino Carta
MUHAMMAD ALI
DANIEL GILLARD
Owen Guy
author2 Danielle Goodwin
Mariolino Carta
MUHAMMAD ALI
DANIEL GILLARD
Owen Guy
format Journal article
container_title ACS Sensors
container_volume 0
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
issn 2379-3694
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acssensors.4c03291
publisher American Chemical Society (ACS)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description In this study, we report on the fabrication and evaluation of gas sensing performance for 3 × 3 graphene pixel array sensors coated with polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1 and PIM-EA-TB) and Matrimid, a commercial polyimide, for the detection of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The polymer films, with thicknesses of only 9–11 nm, significantly enhanced the gas sensing performance, demonstrating responses as high as −25.7% compared to a bare graphene response of −10.8%. The gas sensing performance was evaluated in real-time by exposing the sensors to NO2 concentrations from 1 to 50 ppm, along with selectivity tests using ammonia (NH3), nitric oxide (NO), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). In addition to their high sensitivity, the sensors exhibited reduced response times by 56 s. They also demonstrated high selectivity for NO2, with minimal cross-sensitivity to other gases. Furthermore, the polymer membranes exhibited rapid recovery times (114–153 s) and limits of detection in the low parts per billion range, with PIM-EA-TB achieving a detection limit of 0.7 ppb. These features highlight their potential as promising candidates for real-time environmental monitoring of toxic gases, showcasing the potential use of PIMs to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of graphene-based gas sensors and providing a foundation for further development of cost-effective and reliable NO2 detection systems.
published_date 2025-02-17T05:27:44Z
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