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Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells / Tyler Joseph

Swansea University Author: Tyler Joseph

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Abstract

Nanoplastics (NPs) have become a common pollutant in the environment and exposure subsequently leads to infiltration into the human body via ingestion, inhalation and topically. Using animal models, NPs have been shown to translocate from the pregnant animal into the placenta and fetal organs, leadi...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2025
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Thornton, Cathy ; Fry, Rich
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68892
first_indexed 2025-02-14T12:35:26Z
last_indexed 2025-02-15T05:38:03Z
id cronfa68892
recordtype RisThesis
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spelling 2025-02-14T12:42:07.1510503 v2 68892 2025-02-14 Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells d7932ff3df05439115a4c4d2b9ba60db Tyler Joseph Tyler Joseph true false 2025-02-14 MEDS Nanoplastics (NPs) have become a common pollutant in the environment and exposure subsequently leads to infiltration into the human body via ingestion, inhalation and topically. Using animal models, NPs have been shown to translocate from the pregnant animal into the placenta and fetal organs, leading to fetal growth restriction and hepatic toxicity. However, little research has been conducted on the effect of NPs on immune function in the mother and fetus during human pregnancy. Focusing on innate immunity, this project aims to study the uptake of NPs in maternal and fetal mononuclear phagocytes and determine if NP uptake disrupts inflammatory cytokine production. Using 40 nm carboxylated polystyrene beads at 7.6x1010, 3.8x1011 and 7.6x1011 particles/ml, NP uptake was confirmed using flow cytometry and monocytes were shown to be the main cell type in whole blood for NP uptake. This was further confirmed by confocal microscopy. NP uptake in monocytes was unaffected by particle number over a 24-hour period. However, monocytes from pregnant compared to non-pregnant women showed greater NP uptake at 2 hours. Contrastingly, placental macrophages continuously took up NPs over a 24-hour period. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production analysis in monocytes from non-pregnant and pregnant women exposed to different NP concentrations revealed no significant differences between unstimulated and LPS-stimulated TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 production. Analysis of placental macrophages revealed that NP exposure led to significant increases in TNFα and IL-1β after LPS stimulation. Overall, NPs are taken up by phagocytes in a dose dependent manner, with increased uptake in monocytes from pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women highlighting the need for greater understanding of the effects of NPs on cell function. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK immune, fetal, maternal, pregnancy, monocyte, placental macrophage, nanoplastic 14 1 2025 2025-01-14 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Thornton, Cathy ; Fry, Rich Master of Research MSc by Research 2025-02-14T12:42:07.1510503 2025-02-14T12:32:00.9711050 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science Tyler Joseph 1 68892__33592__dab7b4d7c4604c57bc4f848af1114859.pdf Joseph_Tyler_J_MSc_Research_Thesis_Final_Cronfa.pdf 2025-02-14T12:40:36.3725718 Output 3435172 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The Author, Tyler J. Joseph, 2025. Licensed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-Only (CC-BY) license. Third party content is excluded for use under the license terms. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en
title Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells
spellingShingle Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells
Tyler Joseph
title_short Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells
title_full Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells
title_fullStr Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells
title_full_unstemmed Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells
title_sort Functional effects of nanoplastics on maternal and fetal innate immune cells
author_id_str_mv d7932ff3df05439115a4c4d2b9ba60db
author_id_fullname_str_mv d7932ff3df05439115a4c4d2b9ba60db_***_Tyler Joseph
author Tyler Joseph
author2 Tyler Joseph
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Nanoplastics (NPs) have become a common pollutant in the environment and exposure subsequently leads to infiltration into the human body via ingestion, inhalation and topically. Using animal models, NPs have been shown to translocate from the pregnant animal into the placenta and fetal organs, leading to fetal growth restriction and hepatic toxicity. However, little research has been conducted on the effect of NPs on immune function in the mother and fetus during human pregnancy. Focusing on innate immunity, this project aims to study the uptake of NPs in maternal and fetal mononuclear phagocytes and determine if NP uptake disrupts inflammatory cytokine production. Using 40 nm carboxylated polystyrene beads at 7.6x1010, 3.8x1011 and 7.6x1011 particles/ml, NP uptake was confirmed using flow cytometry and monocytes were shown to be the main cell type in whole blood for NP uptake. This was further confirmed by confocal microscopy. NP uptake in monocytes was unaffected by particle number over a 24-hour period. However, monocytes from pregnant compared to non-pregnant women showed greater NP uptake at 2 hours. Contrastingly, placental macrophages continuously took up NPs over a 24-hour period. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production analysis in monocytes from non-pregnant and pregnant women exposed to different NP concentrations revealed no significant differences between unstimulated and LPS-stimulated TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 production. Analysis of placental macrophages revealed that NP exposure led to significant increases in TNFα and IL-1β after LPS stimulation. Overall, NPs are taken up by phagocytes in a dose dependent manner, with increased uptake in monocytes from pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women highlighting the need for greater understanding of the effects of NPs on cell function.
published_date 2025-01-14T05:27:54Z
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