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Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials / YUE WU

Swansea University Author: YUE WU

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.68363

Abstract

Nowadays, polymer materials have permeated every aspect of our daily life, bringing not only convenience but also fire hazards. The limiting oxygen index of most polymer materials is lower than 21, that means they are flammable or combustible in air. A large amount of toxic and corrosive smoke and g...

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Published: Swansea University, Wales, UK 2024
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Carta, M.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68363
first_indexed 2024-11-28T13:47:42Z
last_indexed 2025-01-16T20:49:38Z
id cronfa68363
recordtype RisThesis
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spelling 2025-01-16T14:35:40.7581809 v2 68363 2024-11-28 Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials a0ecf03ae879c40cd3740391e4af4f62 YUE WU YUE WU true false 2024-11-28 Nowadays, polymer materials have permeated every aspect of our daily life, bringing not only convenience but also fire hazards. The limiting oxygen index of most polymer materials is lower than 21, that means they are flammable or combustible in air. A large amount of toxic and corrosive smoke and gas are released during combustion, that pose a big threat to people's safety and cause environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of flame retardant materials has attracted the attention of researchers around the world.This project aims to develop novel PIM-based flame retardant additives. Specifically, we designed three series of PIM materials. The first discussion chapter includes the preparation of boroxine and boronic ester-based PIMs. We verified the feasibility of boroxine network polymerisation and its satisfactory thermal decomposition behaviour.Boronic ester-PIMs containing different contorted units were synthesized using two different heating devices and compared in terms of purity, thermal stability and porosity, especially to understand if porosity influences the flame retardation capability. It was shown that their thermal properties meet the requirements of standard flame retardant additives. The second series shows PIMs composed of hexaphenylbenzene core units and Tröger’s Base linkages with different C/N ratios and porosities, as it is known that increasing the amount of N per repeat unit improves the thermal stability. It was confirmed that these polymers have excellent thermal properties, which can be enhanced by increasing their functionality, i.e., improving their content of nitrogen and porosity. In the third series, cyclophosphazene was polymerised respectively with catechols and amines using two heating methods. This is a very challenging and new method to make phosphorous-containing PIMs. Two catechol-based polymers were successfully obtained and exhibited desirable thermal decomposition behaviours. The preparation of the amine-based polymer was preliminarily explored as well.Furthermore, the performance of the novel PIMs from series 1 and 2 in gas separation was also investigated. (Polymers from series 3 were excluded due to their low specific surface areas.) The results also indicated that the high heteroatom content, specific surface area and narrow microporosity helped to improve both the CO2 uptake and CO2/N2 selectivity of the materials. E-Thesis Swansea University, Wales, UK PIMs, Boroxine, Boronic ester, Hexaphenylbenzene, Tröger’s base, Cyclophosphazene, Flame retardant, Gas separation 7 11 2024 2024-11-07 10.23889/SUthesis.68363 A selection of content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis to protect sensitive and personal information. COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Carta, M. Doctoral Ph.D EPSRC EPSRC 2025-01-16T14:35:40.7581809 2024-11-28T10:38:23.1917553 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry YUE WU 1 68363__33357__1a65f7c49157417d90d054f9c023fb29.pdf 2024_Wu_Y.final.68363.pdf 2025-01-16T14:13:13.2123158 Output 9770798 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The Author, Yue Wu, 2024 true eng
title Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials
spellingShingle Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials
YUE WU
title_short Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials
title_full Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials
title_fullStr Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials
title_full_unstemmed Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials
title_sort Novel Porous Polymers as Flame Retardant and Gas Separation Materials
author_id_str_mv a0ecf03ae879c40cd3740391e4af4f62
author_id_fullname_str_mv a0ecf03ae879c40cd3740391e4af4f62_***_YUE WU
author YUE WU
author2 YUE WU
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.68363
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Nowadays, polymer materials have permeated every aspect of our daily life, bringing not only convenience but also fire hazards. The limiting oxygen index of most polymer materials is lower than 21, that means they are flammable or combustible in air. A large amount of toxic and corrosive smoke and gas are released during combustion, that pose a big threat to people's safety and cause environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of flame retardant materials has attracted the attention of researchers around the world.This project aims to develop novel PIM-based flame retardant additives. Specifically, we designed three series of PIM materials. The first discussion chapter includes the preparation of boroxine and boronic ester-based PIMs. We verified the feasibility of boroxine network polymerisation and its satisfactory thermal decomposition behaviour.Boronic ester-PIMs containing different contorted units were synthesized using two different heating devices and compared in terms of purity, thermal stability and porosity, especially to understand if porosity influences the flame retardation capability. It was shown that their thermal properties meet the requirements of standard flame retardant additives. The second series shows PIMs composed of hexaphenylbenzene core units and Tröger’s Base linkages with different C/N ratios and porosities, as it is known that increasing the amount of N per repeat unit improves the thermal stability. It was confirmed that these polymers have excellent thermal properties, which can be enhanced by increasing their functionality, i.e., improving their content of nitrogen and porosity. In the third series, cyclophosphazene was polymerised respectively with catechols and amines using two heating methods. This is a very challenging and new method to make phosphorous-containing PIMs. Two catechol-based polymers were successfully obtained and exhibited desirable thermal decomposition behaviours. The preparation of the amine-based polymer was preliminarily explored as well.Furthermore, the performance of the novel PIMs from series 1 and 2 in gas separation was also investigated. (Polymers from series 3 were excluded due to their low specific surface areas.) The results also indicated that the high heteroatom content, specific surface area and narrow microporosity helped to improve both the CO2 uptake and CO2/N2 selectivity of the materials.
published_date 2024-11-07T05:26:18Z
_version_ 1856986549381496832
score 11.096295

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