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Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale

JAMES WINGROVE, Jeremy Tree Orcid Logo

Cortex, Volume: 173, Pages: 283 - 295

Swansea University Authors: JAMES WINGROVE, Jeremy Tree Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.009

Abstract

Evidence suggests that some patients with isolated hippocampal damage appear to present with selective preservation of unfamiliar face recognition relative to other kinds of visual test stimuli (e.g., words). Bird and Burgess (2008) formulated a review and secondary analysis of a group of 10 cases a...

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Published in: Cortex
ISSN: 0010-9452
Published: Elsevier BV 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68000
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spelling 2025-02-12T12:39:58.2130006 v2 68000 2024-10-16 Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale c46bd7228f11df32a5fb5761eacdc305 JAMES WINGROVE JAMES WINGROVE true false 373fd575114a743d502a979c6161b1ad 0000-0001-6000-8125 Jeremy Tree Jeremy Tree true false 2024-10-16 Evidence suggests that some patients with isolated hippocampal damage appear to present with selective preservation of unfamiliar face recognition relative to other kinds of visual test stimuli (e.g., words). Bird and Burgess (2008) formulated a review and secondary analysis of a group of 10 cases all tested on a clinical assessment of word and face recognition memory (RMT, Warrington, 1984), which confirmed the key memory dissociation at the group level. The current work provides an updated secondary analysis of such cases with a larger published sample (N = 52). In addition to group-level analyses, we also re-evaluate evidence using a single case statistical approach (Crawford & Garthwaite, 2005), enabling us to determine how many would make criteria for a ‘classical dissociation’ (Crawford, Garthwaite, & Gray, 2003). Overall, group-level analyses indicated the key pattern of significant differences confined to words was limited to small control sample comparisons. When using the large control sample provided by Bird and Burgess (2008), hippocampal cases as a group were significantly poorer for both classes of items. Furthermore, our single-case approach indicated few had a performance pattern of a relative difference across face > word categories that would meet statistical significance; namely within individual differences across categories that would warrant a significant ‘classical dissociation’. Moreover, these analyses also found several cases with a ‘classical dissociation’ in the reverse direction: namely preserved recognition of words. Such analyses serve to demonstrate the need for a more conservative statistical approach to be undertaken when reporting selective ‘preservation’ of a category in recognition memory. Whilst material specificity has important implications for understanding the role of the hippocampus in memory, our results highlight the need for statistical methods to be unquestionably rigorous before any claims are made. Lastly, we highlight other methodological issues critical to group analyses and make suggestions for future work. Journal Article Cortex 173 283 295 Elsevier BV 0010-9452 Single case; Amnesia; Category specificity; Re-evaluation; Statistical methods 1 4 2024 2024-04-01 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.009 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Other 2025-02-12T12:39:58.2130006 2024-10-16T16:17:52.8391946 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology JAMES WINGROVE 1 Jeremy Tree 0000-0001-6000-8125 2 68000__33191__5c8881ee3752478c898c5e62a3fdc5be.pdf 68000.VoR.pdf 2024-12-19T13:54:32.3765100 Output 667766 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale
spellingShingle Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale
JAMES WINGROVE
Jeremy Tree
title_short Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale
title_full Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale
title_fullStr Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale
title_full_unstemmed Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale
title_sort Can face recognition be selectively preserved in some cases of amnesia? A cautionary tale
author_id_str_mv c46bd7228f11df32a5fb5761eacdc305
373fd575114a743d502a979c6161b1ad
author_id_fullname_str_mv c46bd7228f11df32a5fb5761eacdc305_***_JAMES WINGROVE
373fd575114a743d502a979c6161b1ad_***_Jeremy Tree
author JAMES WINGROVE
Jeremy Tree
author2 JAMES WINGROVE
Jeremy Tree
format Journal article
container_title Cortex
container_volume 173
container_start_page 283
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 0010-9452
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.009
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
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description Evidence suggests that some patients with isolated hippocampal damage appear to present with selective preservation of unfamiliar face recognition relative to other kinds of visual test stimuli (e.g., words). Bird and Burgess (2008) formulated a review and secondary analysis of a group of 10 cases all tested on a clinical assessment of word and face recognition memory (RMT, Warrington, 1984), which confirmed the key memory dissociation at the group level. The current work provides an updated secondary analysis of such cases with a larger published sample (N = 52). In addition to group-level analyses, we also re-evaluate evidence using a single case statistical approach (Crawford & Garthwaite, 2005), enabling us to determine how many would make criteria for a ‘classical dissociation’ (Crawford, Garthwaite, & Gray, 2003). Overall, group-level analyses indicated the key pattern of significant differences confined to words was limited to small control sample comparisons. When using the large control sample provided by Bird and Burgess (2008), hippocampal cases as a group were significantly poorer for both classes of items. Furthermore, our single-case approach indicated few had a performance pattern of a relative difference across face > word categories that would meet statistical significance; namely within individual differences across categories that would warrant a significant ‘classical dissociation’. Moreover, these analyses also found several cases with a ‘classical dissociation’ in the reverse direction: namely preserved recognition of words. Such analyses serve to demonstrate the need for a more conservative statistical approach to be undertaken when reporting selective ‘preservation’ of a category in recognition memory. Whilst material specificity has important implications for understanding the role of the hippocampus in memory, our results highlight the need for statistical methods to be unquestionably rigorous before any claims are made. Lastly, we highlight other methodological issues critical to group analyses and make suggestions for future work.
published_date 2024-04-01T09:37:32Z
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