Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels

Evensen, K. Garrett; Rusin, Emily; Robinson, William E.; Price, Claire; Kelly, Steven; Lamb, David; Goldstone, Jared V.; Poynton, Helen C.

doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74212-y

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Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels

K. Garrett Evensen, Emily Rusin, William E. Robinson, Claire Price

, Steven Kelly, David Lamb

, Jared V. Goldstone, Helen C. Poynton

Scientific Reports, Volume: 14, Issue: 1, Start page: 23890

Swansea University Authors: Claire Price , Steven Kelly, David Lamb

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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41598-024-74212-y

Abstract

Mollusks are the second most diverse animal phylum, yet little is known about their endocrinology or how they respond to endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) pollution. Characteristic effects of endocrine disruption are reproductive impairment, skewed sex ratios, development of opposite sex character...

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Published in:	Scientific Reports
ISSN:	2045-2322
Published:	Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2024
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67973

first_indexed	2025-01-09T20:32:15Z
last_indexed	2025-02-12T05:49:59Z
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Impacts from ketoconazole treatment, including changes in steroid levels, confirmed a role for steroidogenesis and steroid-like hormones in mollusk endocrinology. 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spelling	2025-02-11T13:47:50.4700551 v2 67973 2024-10-13 Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels 9a4e4dfa37f4318c6fa67933d4fc9a17 0000-0002-6045-4835 Claire Price Claire Price true false b17cebaf09b4d737b9378a3581e3de93 Steven Kelly Steven Kelly true false 1dc64e55c2c28d107ef7c3db984cccd2 0000-0001-5446-2997 David Lamb David Lamb true false 2024-10-13 MEDS Mollusks are the second most diverse animal phylum, yet little is known about their endocrinology or how they respond to endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) pollution. Characteristic effects of endocrine disruption are reproductive impairment, skewed sex ratios, development of opposite sex characteristics, and population decline. However, whether classical vertebrate EDCs, such as steroid hormone-like chemicals and inhibitors of steroidogenesis, exert effects on mollusks is controversial. In the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, EDC exposure is correlated with feminized sex ratios in wild and laboratory mussels, but sex reversal has not been confirmed. Here, we describe a non-destructive qPCR assay to identify the sex of M. edulis allowing identification of males and females prior to experimentation. We exposed male mussels to 17α-ethinylestradiol and female mussels to ketoconazole, EDCs that mimic vertebrate steroid hormones or inhibit their biosynthesis. Both chemicals changed the sex of individual mussels, interfered with gonadal development, and disrupted gene expression of the sex differentiation pathway. Impacts from ketoconazole treatment, including changes in steroid levels, confirmed a role for steroidogenesis and steroid-like hormones in mollusk endocrinology. The present study expands the possibilities for laboratory and field monitoring of mollusk species and provides key insights into endocrine disruption and sexual differentiation in bivalves. Journal Article Scientific Reports 14 1 23890 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2045-2322 17α-ethinylestradiol, Ketoconazole, Steroids, Mytilus edulis, Gonadal development, Sex differentiation 12 10 2024 2024-10-12 10.1038/s41598-024-74212-y COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF BIO-IOS 2122449). Funding at Swansea University supported by the European Regional Development Fund/ Welsh European Funding Office via the BEACON project (SLK). 2025-02-11T13:47:50.4700551 2024-10-13T15:16:14.7986288 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science K. Garrett Evensen 1 Emily Rusin 2 William E. Robinson 3 Claire Price 0000-0002-6045-4835 4 Steven Kelly 5 David Lamb 0000-0001-5446-2997 6 Jared V. Goldstone 7 Helen C. Poynton 8 67973__33182__9d9ad2db29e1421ca7f7d3614032241e.pdf 67973.VoR.pdf 2024-12-18T17:24:31.7569332 Output 2368649 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title	Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels
spellingShingle	Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels Claire Price Steven Kelly David Lamb
title_short	Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels
title_full	Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels
title_fullStr	Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels
title_full_unstemmed	Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels
title_sort	Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels
author_id_str_mv	9a4e4dfa37f4318c6fa67933d4fc9a17 b17cebaf09b4d737b9378a3581e3de93 1dc64e55c2c28d107ef7c3db984cccd2
author_id_fullname_str_mv	9a4e4dfa37f4318c6fa67933d4fc9a17_*_Claire Price b17cebaf09b4d737b9378a3581e3de93__Steven Kelly 1dc64e55c2c28d107ef7c3db984cccd2_**_David Lamb
author	Claire Price Steven Kelly David Lamb
author2	K. Garrett Evensen Emily Rusin William E. Robinson Claire Price Steven Kelly David Lamb Jared V. Goldstone Helen C. Poynton
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container_title	Scientific Reports
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description	Mollusks are the second most diverse animal phylum, yet little is known about their endocrinology or how they respond to endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) pollution. Characteristic effects of endocrine disruption are reproductive impairment, skewed sex ratios, development of opposite sex characteristics, and population decline. However, whether classical vertebrate EDCs, such as steroid hormone-like chemicals and inhibitors of steroidogenesis, exert effects on mollusks is controversial. In the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, EDC exposure is correlated with feminized sex ratios in wild and laboratory mussels, but sex reversal has not been confirmed. Here, we describe a non-destructive qPCR assay to identify the sex of M. edulis allowing identification of males and females prior to experimentation. We exposed male mussels to 17α-ethinylestradiol and female mussels to ketoconazole, EDCs that mimic vertebrate steroid hormones or inhibit their biosynthesis. Both chemicals changed the sex of individual mussels, interfered with gonadal development, and disrupted gene expression of the sex differentiation pathway. Impacts from ketoconazole treatment, including changes in steroid levels, confirmed a role for steroidogenesis and steroid-like hormones in mollusk endocrinology. The present study expands the possibilities for laboratory and field monitoring of mollusk species and provides key insights into endocrine disruption and sexual differentiation in bivalves.
published_date	2024-10-12T06:49:52Z
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Vertebrate endocrine disruptors induce sex-reversal in blue mussels

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