Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings

Gray, Nicola; Price, Menna; PINK, JENNIFER; O’Connor, Chris; Antunes, Ana; Snowden, Robert J.

doi:10.3390/vision8040060

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Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings

Nicola Gray

, Menna Price

, JENNIFER PINK, Chris O’Connor, Ana Antunes, Robert J. Snowden

Vision, Volume: 8, Issue: 4, Start page: 60

Swansea University Authors: Nicola Gray , Menna Price , JENNIFER PINK

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/vision8040060

Abstract

The early components of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) are governed by the parasympathetic nervous system. The use of cheap, portable pupillometry devices may allow for the testing of parasympathetic-system health in field settings. We examined the reliability of two portable instruments for measu...

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Published in:	Vision
ISSN:	2411-5150
Published:	MDPI AG 2024
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67949

first_indexed	2024-10-09T19:38:05Z
last_indexed	2024-11-25T14:21:09Z
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The use of cheap, portable pupillometry devices may allow for the testing of parasympathetic-system health in field settings. We examined the reliability of two portable instruments for measuring the PLR and their sensitivity to individual differences known to modulate the PLR. Parameters of the PLR were measured in a community sample (N = 108) in a variety of field settings. Measurements were taken using a commercial pupillometer (NeuroLight, IDMED) and an iPhone using the Reflex Pro PLR analyser (Brightlamp). The parameters of baseline pupil diameter, constriction latency, amplitude and relative amplitude of constriction, and constriction velocity were measured. Individual differences related to age, levels of anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology were assessed. Some measures could not be attained using the iPhone under these field conditions. The reliability of the measures was high, save for the measurement of contraction latency which was particularly unreliable for the iPhone system. The parameters of the PLR showed the same internal relationships as those established in laboratory-based measurements. Age was negatively correlated with all the reliable PLR parameters for both systems. Effects of anxiety and PTSD symptomology were also apparent. The study demonstrated that a hand-held portable infrared pupillometer can be used successfully to measure the PLR parameters under field settings and can be used to examine individual differences. 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spelling	2024-11-07T14:31:25.0486694 v2 67949 2024-10-09 Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings d3dfb6fa4b6e057dd587f5e9f28a581f 0000-0003-3849-8118 Nicola Gray Nicola Gray true false e8d0f85a0d2762328c906c75b1d154b7 0000-0002-0025-0881 Menna Price Menna Price true false dd038765cab39e187c07fab2237ffdb5 JENNIFER PINK JENNIFER PINK true false 2024-10-09 PSYS The early components of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) are governed by the parasympathetic nervous system. The use of cheap, portable pupillometry devices may allow for the testing of parasympathetic-system health in field settings. We examined the reliability of two portable instruments for measuring the PLR and their sensitivity to individual differences known to modulate the PLR. Parameters of the PLR were measured in a community sample (N = 108) in a variety of field settings. Measurements were taken using a commercial pupillometer (NeuroLight, IDMED) and an iPhone using the Reflex Pro PLR analyser (Brightlamp). The parameters of baseline pupil diameter, constriction latency, amplitude and relative amplitude of constriction, and constriction velocity were measured. Individual differences related to age, levels of anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology were assessed. Some measures could not be attained using the iPhone under these field conditions. The reliability of the measures was high, save for the measurement of contraction latency which was particularly unreliable for the iPhone system. The parameters of the PLR showed the same internal relationships as those established in laboratory-based measurements. Age was negatively correlated with all the reliable PLR parameters for both systems. Effects of anxiety and PTSD symptomology were also apparent. The study demonstrated that a hand-held portable infrared pupillometer can be used successfully to measure the PLR parameters under field settings and can be used to examine individual differences. This may allow these devices to be used in workplaces, sports fields, roadsides, etc., to examine parasympathetic activity where needed. Journal Article Vision 8 4 60 MDPI AG 2411-5150 Age; anxiety; parasympathetic nervous system; pupillometry; trauma 1 10 2024 2024-10-01 10.3390/vision8040060 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This work was supported by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Impact Acceleration Account (RIF214) to Menna Price and Nicola Gray. Jennifer Pink was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council. 2024-11-07T14:31:25.0486694 2024-10-09T20:30:10.8000184 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Nicola Gray 0000-0003-3849-8118 1 Menna Price 0000-0002-0025-0881 2 JENNIFER PINK 3 Chris O’Connor 4 Ana Antunes 5 Robert J. Snowden 0000-0001-9900-480x 6 67949__32882__bb70b7c1c77445248c3b6e708db21bf5.pdf 67949.VOR.pdf 2024-11-07T14:14:19.6444619 Output 636437 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings
spellingShingle	Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings Nicola Gray Menna Price JENNIFER PINK
title_short	Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings
title_full	Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings
title_fullStr	Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings
title_full_unstemmed	Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings
title_sort	Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings
author_id_str_mv	d3dfb6fa4b6e057dd587f5e9f28a581f e8d0f85a0d2762328c906c75b1d154b7 dd038765cab39e187c07fab2237ffdb5
author_id_fullname_str_mv	d3dfb6fa4b6e057dd587f5e9f28a581f_*_Nicola Gray e8d0f85a0d2762328c906c75b1d154b7__Menna Price dd038765cab39e187c07fab2237ffdb5_**_JENNIFER PINK
author	Nicola Gray Menna Price JENNIFER PINK
author2	Nicola Gray Menna Price JENNIFER PINK Chris O’Connor Ana Antunes Robert J. Snowden
format	Journal article
container_title	Vision
container_volume	8
container_issue	4
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institution	Swansea University
issn	2411-5150
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publisher	MDPI AG
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description	The early components of the pupillary light reflex (PLR) are governed by the parasympathetic nervous system. The use of cheap, portable pupillometry devices may allow for the testing of parasympathetic-system health in field settings. We examined the reliability of two portable instruments for measuring the PLR and their sensitivity to individual differences known to modulate the PLR. Parameters of the PLR were measured in a community sample (N = 108) in a variety of field settings. Measurements were taken using a commercial pupillometer (NeuroLight, IDMED) and an iPhone using the Reflex Pro PLR analyser (Brightlamp). The parameters of baseline pupil diameter, constriction latency, amplitude and relative amplitude of constriction, and constriction velocity were measured. Individual differences related to age, levels of anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology were assessed. Some measures could not be attained using the iPhone under these field conditions. The reliability of the measures was high, save for the measurement of contraction latency which was particularly unreliable for the iPhone system. The parameters of the PLR showed the same internal relationships as those established in laboratory-based measurements. Age was negatively correlated with all the reliable PLR parameters for both systems. Effects of anxiety and PTSD symptomology were also apparent. The study demonstrated that a hand-held portable infrared pupillometer can be used successfully to measure the PLR parameters under field settings and can be used to examine individual differences. This may allow these devices to be used in workplaces, sports fields, roadsides, etc., to examine parasympathetic activity where needed.
published_date	2024-10-01T05:39:55Z
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score	11.04748

Measuring the Pupillary Light Reflex Using Portable Instruments in Applied Settings

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