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Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis

Mohammed, FAHMIDA SULTANA, Ariful Khan Orcid Logo, Sohag Ahammed, Md. Shamim Reza Saimun Orcid Logo, Md Saifuzzaman Bhuiyan, Sanjeev K. Srivastava Orcid Logo, Sharif A. Mukul Orcid Logo, Mohammed A. S. Arfin-Khan Orcid Logo

Forests, Volume: 15, Issue: 10

Swansea University Author: FAHMIDA SULTANA

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/f15101722

Abstract

The Sundarbans is the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest with an area of about 10,000 square kilometers and shared between Bangladesh and India. This world-renowned mangrove forest, located on the lower Ganges floodplain and facing the Bay of Bengal, has long served as a crucial barrier, shi...

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Published in: Forests
ISSN: 1999-4907
Published: MDPI AG 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67938
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However, the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem is now increasingly threatened by climate-induced hazards, particularly tropical cyclones originating from the Indian Ocean. To assess the cyclone vulnerability of this unique ecosystem, using geospatial techniques, we analyzed the damage caused by past cyclones and the subsequent recovery across three salinity zones, i.e., Oligohaline, Mesohaline, and Polyhaline. Our study also examined the relationship between cyclone intensity with the extent of damage and forest recovery. The findings of our study indicate that the Polyhaline zone, the largest in terms of area and with the lowest elevation, suffered the most significant damage from cyclones in the Sundarbans region, likely due to its proximity to the most cyclone paths. A correlation analysis revealed that cyclone damage positively correlated with wind speed and negatively correlated with the distance of landfall from the center of the Sundarbans. 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This study also received partial support from the Asia-Pacific Network (APN) for Global Change Research (Japan) under the project “Protecting ecosystems and livelihoods of the Sundarbans, a World Heritage site: Assessing the impact of natural hazards on forest-based ecosystem services” (project code: CRRP2020-08MY-Srivastava), and the National Geographic Society (USA) under the project “Unlocking the potentials of Sundarbans mangrove forest as a nature-based climate solution” (grant reference number: NGS-78528R-22).</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-10-09T09:27:53.1505579</lastEdited><Created>2024-10-09T08:52:38.8009884</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname/><surname>Mohammed</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>FAHMIDA</firstname><surname>SULTANA</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Ariful</firstname><surname>Khan</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8169-1277</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Sohag</firstname><surname>Ahammed</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Md. 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spelling v2 67938 2024-10-09 Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis 7f52b2c3d26e032af4d22f309c24006c FAHMIDA SULTANA FAHMIDA SULTANA true false 2024-10-09 The Sundarbans is the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest with an area of about 10,000 square kilometers and shared between Bangladesh and India. This world-renowned mangrove forest, located on the lower Ganges floodplain and facing the Bay of Bengal, has long served as a crucial barrier, shielding southern coastal Bangladesh from cyclone hazards. However, the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem is now increasingly threatened by climate-induced hazards, particularly tropical cyclones originating from the Indian Ocean. To assess the cyclone vulnerability of this unique ecosystem, using geospatial techniques, we analyzed the damage caused by past cyclones and the subsequent recovery across three salinity zones, i.e., Oligohaline, Mesohaline, and Polyhaline. Our study also examined the relationship between cyclone intensity with the extent of damage and forest recovery. The findings of our study indicate that the Polyhaline zone, the largest in terms of area and with the lowest elevation, suffered the most significant damage from cyclones in the Sundarbans region, likely due to its proximity to the most cyclone paths. A correlation analysis revealed that cyclone damage positively correlated with wind speed and negatively correlated with the distance of landfall from the center of the Sundarbans. With the expectation of more extreme weather events in the near future, the Sundarbans mangrove forest faces a potentially devastating outlook unless both natural protection processes and human interventions are undertaken to safeguard this critical ecosystem. Journal Article Forests 15 10 MDPI AG 1999-4907 Bay of Bengal; climate change; extreme weather events; natural hazards; NDVI; salinity zones; sea-level rise; tropical cyclone 29 9 2024 2024-09-29 10.3390/f15101722 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee We acknowledge the funding from the SUST Research Center (FES/2022/1/09, FES/2023/2/01) and the National Science and Technology Fellowship (NST, Session: 2021–22, Merit Serial: 92, Registration no: 55). This study also received partial support from the Asia-Pacific Network (APN) for Global Change Research (Japan) under the project “Protecting ecosystems and livelihoods of the Sundarbans, a World Heritage site: Assessing the impact of natural hazards on forest-based ecosystem services” (project code: CRRP2020-08MY-Srivastava), and the National Geographic Society (USA) under the project “Unlocking the potentials of Sundarbans mangrove forest as a nature-based climate solution” (grant reference number: NGS-78528R-22). 2024-10-09T09:27:53.1505579 2024-10-09T08:52:38.8009884 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Mohammed 1 FAHMIDA SULTANA 2 Ariful Khan 0000-0001-8169-1277 3 Sohag Ahammed 4 Md. Shamim Reza Saimun 0000-0001-7729-9205 5 Md Saifuzzaman Bhuiyan 6 Sanjeev K. Srivastava 0000-0001-8402-6467 7 Sharif A. Mukul 0000-0001-6955-2469 8 Mohammed A. S. Arfin-Khan 0000-0001-6275-7023 9 67938__32556__1c4731b83447406fae0ff82d2d73a56e.pdf 67938.VOR.pdf 2024-10-09T09:23:48.9691090 Output 9249159 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis
spellingShingle Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis
FAHMIDA SULTANA
title_short Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis
title_full Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis
title_fullStr Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis
title_sort Assessing Vulnerability to Cyclone Hazards in the World’s Largest Mangrove Forest, The Sundarbans: A Geospatial Analysis
author_id_str_mv 7f52b2c3d26e032af4d22f309c24006c
author_id_fullname_str_mv 7f52b2c3d26e032af4d22f309c24006c_***_FAHMIDA SULTANA
author FAHMIDA SULTANA
author2 Mohammed
FAHMIDA SULTANA
Ariful Khan
Sohag Ahammed
Md. Shamim Reza Saimun
Md Saifuzzaman Bhuiyan
Sanjeev K. Srivastava
Sharif A. Mukul
Mohammed A. S. Arfin-Khan
format Journal article
container_title Forests
container_volume 15
container_issue 10
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 1999-4907
doi_str_mv 10.3390/f15101722
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The Sundarbans is the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest with an area of about 10,000 square kilometers and shared between Bangladesh and India. This world-renowned mangrove forest, located on the lower Ganges floodplain and facing the Bay of Bengal, has long served as a crucial barrier, shielding southern coastal Bangladesh from cyclone hazards. However, the Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem is now increasingly threatened by climate-induced hazards, particularly tropical cyclones originating from the Indian Ocean. To assess the cyclone vulnerability of this unique ecosystem, using geospatial techniques, we analyzed the damage caused by past cyclones and the subsequent recovery across three salinity zones, i.e., Oligohaline, Mesohaline, and Polyhaline. Our study also examined the relationship between cyclone intensity with the extent of damage and forest recovery. The findings of our study indicate that the Polyhaline zone, the largest in terms of area and with the lowest elevation, suffered the most significant damage from cyclones in the Sundarbans region, likely due to its proximity to the most cyclone paths. A correlation analysis revealed that cyclone damage positively correlated with wind speed and negatively correlated with the distance of landfall from the center of the Sundarbans. With the expectation of more extreme weather events in the near future, the Sundarbans mangrove forest faces a potentially devastating outlook unless both natural protection processes and human interventions are undertaken to safeguard this critical ecosystem.
published_date 2024-09-29T09:27:53Z
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score 11.030802

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