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Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate

Konstans Wells Orcid Logo, Jeffrey A. Bell Orcid Logo, Alan Fecchio Orcid Logo, Serguei Drovetski Orcid Logo, Spencer Galen Orcid Logo, Shannon Hackett Orcid Logo, Holly Lutz Orcid Logo, Heather R. Skeen Orcid Logo, Gary Voelker Orcid Logo, Wanyoike Wamiti Orcid Logo, Jason D. Weckstein Orcid Logo, Nicholas J. Clark Orcid Logo

Journal of Biogeography

Swansea University Author: Konstans Wells Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/jbi.15015

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Aim: Changing biodiversity and environmental conditions may allow multi-host pathogens to spread among host species and affect prevalence. There are several widely acknowledged theories about mechanisms that may influence variation in pathogen prevalence, including the controversially debated diluti...

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Published in: Journal of Biogeography
ISSN: 0305-0270 1365-2699
Published: Wiley 2024
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There are several widely acknowledged theories about mechanisms that may influence variation in pathogen prevalence, including the controversially debated dilution effect and abundance-occupancy relationship hypotheses. Here, we explore such abundance-occupancy relationships for unique lineages of three vector-borne avian blood parasite genera (the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium and the related haemosporidian parasites Parahaemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) across biogeographical regions.Location: Nearctic-Neotropical and Palearctic-Afrotropical regions.Methods: We compiled a cross-continental dataset of 17,116 bird individuals surveyed from 46 bird assemblages across the Nearctic-Neotropical and Palearctic-Afrotropical regions and explored relationships between local parasite lineage prevalence and host assemblage metrics in a Bayesian random regression framework.Results: Most lineages from these three genera infected ≥ 5 host species and exhibited clear phylogenetic or functional host specificity. Lineage prevalence from all three genera increased with host range, but also with higher degrees of specialisation to phylogenetically or functionally related host species. Local avian community features were also found to be important drivers of prevalence. For example, bird species richness was positively correlated with lineage prevalence for Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon, whereas higher relative abundances of the main host species were associated with lower prevalence for Plasmodium and Parahaemoproteus but higher prevalence for Leucocytozoon.Conclusions: Our results broadly support several of the leading hypotheses about mechanisms that influence pathogen prevalence, including the niche breadth hypothesis in that higher avian host species diversity and broader host range amplify prevalence through increasing ecological opportunities and the trade-off hypotheses in that specialisation among subsets of available host species may increase prevalence. 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spelling v2 67780 2024-09-25 Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate d18166c31e89833c55ef0f2cbb551243 0000-0003-0377-2463 Konstans Wells Konstans Wells true false 2024-09-25 BGPS Aim: Changing biodiversity and environmental conditions may allow multi-host pathogens to spread among host species and affect prevalence. There are several widely acknowledged theories about mechanisms that may influence variation in pathogen prevalence, including the controversially debated dilution effect and abundance-occupancy relationship hypotheses. Here, we explore such abundance-occupancy relationships for unique lineages of three vector-borne avian blood parasite genera (the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium and the related haemosporidian parasites Parahaemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) across biogeographical regions.Location: Nearctic-Neotropical and Palearctic-Afrotropical regions.Methods: We compiled a cross-continental dataset of 17,116 bird individuals surveyed from 46 bird assemblages across the Nearctic-Neotropical and Palearctic-Afrotropical regions and explored relationships between local parasite lineage prevalence and host assemblage metrics in a Bayesian random regression framework.Results: Most lineages from these three genera infected ≥ 5 host species and exhibited clear phylogenetic or functional host specificity. Lineage prevalence from all three genera increased with host range, but also with higher degrees of specialisation to phylogenetically or functionally related host species. Local avian community features were also found to be important drivers of prevalence. For example, bird species richness was positively correlated with lineage prevalence for Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon, whereas higher relative abundances of the main host species were associated with lower prevalence for Plasmodium and Parahaemoproteus but higher prevalence for Leucocytozoon.Conclusions: Our results broadly support several of the leading hypotheses about mechanisms that influence pathogen prevalence, including the niche breadth hypothesis in that higher avian host species diversity and broader host range amplify prevalence through increasing ecological opportunities and the trade-off hypotheses in that specialisation among subsets of available host species may increase prevalence. Furthermore, the three studied avian haemosporidian genera exhibited different abundance-occupancy relationships across the major global climate gradients and in relation to host availability, emphasising that these relationships do not strictly follow common rules for vector-borne parasites with different life histories. Journal Article Journal of Biogeography 0 Wiley 0305-0270 1365-2699 avian malaria; host specificity; infectious disease risk; parasite dilution effect; parasite spread 24 9 2024 2024-09-24 10.1111/jbi.15015 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Royal Society research grant RGS\R2\222152 Australian Research Council DE210101439 2024-10-18T14:17:15.9863254 2024-09-25T07:56:18.4067567 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Konstans Wells 0000-0003-0377-2463 1 Jeffrey A. Bell 0000-0001-9146-4318 2 Alan Fecchio 0000-0002-7319-0234 3 Serguei Drovetski 0000-0002-1832-5597 4 Spencer Galen 0000-0003-0209-1535 5 Shannon Hackett 0000-0002-1404-0332 6 Holly Lutz 0000-0001-6454-809x 7 Heather R. Skeen 0000-0003-3269-031x 8 Gary Voelker 0000-0003-3659-3971 9 Wanyoike Wamiti 0000-0001-7300-2101 10 Jason D. Weckstein 0000-0001-7941-5724 11 Nicholas J. Clark 0000-0001-7131-3301 12 67780__31451__437c281a4f734f0e9d20e6778c89a97e.pdf Wells_etal_2024_JBiogeogr.pdf 2024-09-25T08:00:49.1912331 Output 2563374 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 277 Konstans Wells 0000-0003-0377-2463 k.l.wells@swansea.ac.uk true https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.gmsbcc2xg false
title Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate
spellingShingle Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate
Konstans Wells
title_short Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate
title_full Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate
title_fullStr Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate
title_full_unstemmed Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate
title_sort Parasite Abundance‐Occupancy Relationships Across Biogeographic Regions: Joint Effects of Niche Breadth, Host Availability and Climate
author_id_str_mv d18166c31e89833c55ef0f2cbb551243
author_id_fullname_str_mv d18166c31e89833c55ef0f2cbb551243_***_Konstans Wells
author Konstans Wells
author2 Konstans Wells
Jeffrey A. Bell
Alan Fecchio
Serguei Drovetski
Spencer Galen
Shannon Hackett
Holly Lutz
Heather R. Skeen
Gary Voelker
Wanyoike Wamiti
Jason D. Weckstein
Nicholas J. Clark
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Biogeography
container_volume 0
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 0305-0270
1365-2699
doi_str_mv 10.1111/jbi.15015
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Aim: Changing biodiversity and environmental conditions may allow multi-host pathogens to spread among host species and affect prevalence. There are several widely acknowledged theories about mechanisms that may influence variation in pathogen prevalence, including the controversially debated dilution effect and abundance-occupancy relationship hypotheses. Here, we explore such abundance-occupancy relationships for unique lineages of three vector-borne avian blood parasite genera (the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium and the related haemosporidian parasites Parahaemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) across biogeographical regions.Location: Nearctic-Neotropical and Palearctic-Afrotropical regions.Methods: We compiled a cross-continental dataset of 17,116 bird individuals surveyed from 46 bird assemblages across the Nearctic-Neotropical and Palearctic-Afrotropical regions and explored relationships between local parasite lineage prevalence and host assemblage metrics in a Bayesian random regression framework.Results: Most lineages from these three genera infected ≥ 5 host species and exhibited clear phylogenetic or functional host specificity. Lineage prevalence from all three genera increased with host range, but also with higher degrees of specialisation to phylogenetically or functionally related host species. Local avian community features were also found to be important drivers of prevalence. For example, bird species richness was positively correlated with lineage prevalence for Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon, whereas higher relative abundances of the main host species were associated with lower prevalence for Plasmodium and Parahaemoproteus but higher prevalence for Leucocytozoon.Conclusions: Our results broadly support several of the leading hypotheses about mechanisms that influence pathogen prevalence, including the niche breadth hypothesis in that higher avian host species diversity and broader host range amplify prevalence through increasing ecological opportunities and the trade-off hypotheses in that specialisation among subsets of available host species may increase prevalence. Furthermore, the three studied avian haemosporidian genera exhibited different abundance-occupancy relationships across the major global climate gradients and in relation to host availability, emphasising that these relationships do not strictly follow common rules for vector-borne parasites with different life histories.
published_date 2024-09-24T14:17:14Z
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