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Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards

Sarah Marks Orcid Logo

Swansea University Author: Sarah Marks Orcid Logo

Abstract

Although entrepreneurship is widely promoted as a means of fulfilling personal and economic aspirations and avoiding gendered labour market discrimination, the nature and extent of entrepreneurial rewards for women, and whether all women benefit, are seldom empirically researched. In particular, ver...

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Published: Queen Mary University of London 2022
Online Access: https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/90905
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67629
first_indexed 2024-09-10T11:35:24Z
last_indexed 2024-11-25T14:20:30Z
id cronfa67629
recordtype SURis
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spelling 2024-10-31T10:57:10.2424983 v2 67629 2024-09-10 Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards 72f2ac056429ecc76d1ad0a3911a13ea 0000-0003-3341-9636 Sarah Marks Sarah Marks true false 2024-09-10 CBAE Although entrepreneurship is widely promoted as a means of fulfilling personal and economic aspirations and avoiding gendered labour market discrimination, the nature and extent of entrepreneurial rewards for women, and whether all women benefit, are seldom empirically researched. In particular, very little is known about women’s entrepreneurial incomes, or how, why, and in what contexts they are subjectively evaluated as satisfactory. To address this issue, the thesis investigates the relationship between women entrepreneur’s social position and subjectively beneficial outcomes emerging from venture creation. Informed by critical, feminist and Bourdieusian perspectives, it employs an abductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 52 women entrepreneurs purposefully selected to reflect different intersections of class, race and life course. Through an intersectional social positioning framework, it investigates the following question: “How do women from diverse social backgrounds experience entrepreneurship and its outcomes?” More specifically, it seeks understanding of how classed, gendered and racialised experiences of social position make entrepreneurship “worth it”. The ensuing abductive analysis provides comprehensive and nuanced insight on women’s entrepreneurial outcomes, including incomes, and a detailed analysis of women’s feelings about those outcomes in relation to social position. In contrast to much of the extant literature, the study finds that most women entrepreneurs have very strong pecuniary motivations. Non-monetary rewards do not fully compensate for poor remuneration and the main reason respondents give up their business is due to inadequate financial returns. Breadwinning and securing transgenerational benefits are key and low remuneration entrepreneurship is subsidised by a much wider range of household income streams than the current literature suggests. The study introduces novel concepts that extend theoretical understanding of women’s differentiated experiences of entrepreneurship including the malcontented female entrepreneur, narrative demonetisation, cognitive bookkeeping and new classifications of non-pecuniary rewards and social positioning goals. In showing how both outcomes and their subjective evaluation are socially embedded this thesis contributes to critical entrepreneurship scholarship and lays the groundwork for a future social theory of entrepreneurial satisfaction. Thesis Queen Mary University of London 1 12 2022 2022-12-01 https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/90905 Thesis available at https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/90905 COLLEGE NANME Management School COLLEGE CODE CBAE Swansea University Economic and Social Research Council ES/P000703/1 2024-10-31T10:57:10.2424983 2024-09-10T12:33:04.2514996 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Management - Business Management Sarah Marks 0000-0003-3341-9636 1
title Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards
spellingShingle Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards
Sarah Marks
title_short Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards
title_full Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards
title_fullStr Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards
title_full_unstemmed Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards
title_sort Does Entrepreneurship Pay for Women? A social positioning investigation of entrepreneurial rewards
author_id_str_mv 72f2ac056429ecc76d1ad0a3911a13ea
author_id_fullname_str_mv 72f2ac056429ecc76d1ad0a3911a13ea_***_Sarah Marks
author Sarah Marks
author2 Sarah Marks
format Staff Thesis
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofhumanitiesandsocialsciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
department_str School of Management - Business Management{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Management - Business Management
url https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/90905
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description Although entrepreneurship is widely promoted as a means of fulfilling personal and economic aspirations and avoiding gendered labour market discrimination, the nature and extent of entrepreneurial rewards for women, and whether all women benefit, are seldom empirically researched. In particular, very little is known about women’s entrepreneurial incomes, or how, why, and in what contexts they are subjectively evaluated as satisfactory. To address this issue, the thesis investigates the relationship between women entrepreneur’s social position and subjectively beneficial outcomes emerging from venture creation. Informed by critical, feminist and Bourdieusian perspectives, it employs an abductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 52 women entrepreneurs purposefully selected to reflect different intersections of class, race and life course. Through an intersectional social positioning framework, it investigates the following question: “How do women from diverse social backgrounds experience entrepreneurship and its outcomes?” More specifically, it seeks understanding of how classed, gendered and racialised experiences of social position make entrepreneurship “worth it”. The ensuing abductive analysis provides comprehensive and nuanced insight on women’s entrepreneurial outcomes, including incomes, and a detailed analysis of women’s feelings about those outcomes in relation to social position. In contrast to much of the extant literature, the study finds that most women entrepreneurs have very strong pecuniary motivations. Non-monetary rewards do not fully compensate for poor remuneration and the main reason respondents give up their business is due to inadequate financial returns. Breadwinning and securing transgenerational benefits are key and low remuneration entrepreneurship is subsidised by a much wider range of household income streams than the current literature suggests. The study introduces novel concepts that extend theoretical understanding of women’s differentiated experiences of entrepreneurship including the malcontented female entrepreneur, narrative demonetisation, cognitive bookkeeping and new classifications of non-pecuniary rewards and social positioning goals. In showing how both outcomes and their subjective evaluation are socially embedded this thesis contributes to critical entrepreneurship scholarship and lays the groundwork for a future social theory of entrepreneurial satisfaction.
published_date 2022-12-01T14:43:33Z
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score 11.048085

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