No Cover Image

E-Thesis 167 views

Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles / DALAL ALSHAMMARI

Swansea University Author: DALAL ALSHAMMARI

  • E-Thesis – open access under embargo until: 23rd June 2027

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.67438

Abstract

The emergence of recyclable polymers holds the remarkable potential to preserve the natural ecosystem and resolve the end-of-life issue associated with plastic waste. Every year, tons of plastic arebeing generated by the industrial sector and a large proportion of it stems from packaging and protect...

Full description

Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2022
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Korkees, Feras
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67438
first_indexed 2024-08-19T15:27:42Z
last_indexed 2024-11-25T14:20:11Z
id cronfa67438
recordtype RisThesis
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2024-08-19T17:12:55.4021509</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>67438</id><entry>2024-08-19</entry><title>Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>1aad1708ac571e01eae4e8e1100dd55f</sid><firstname>DALAL</firstname><surname>ALSHAMMARI</surname><name>DALAL ALSHAMMARI</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2024-08-19</date><abstract>The emergence of recyclable polymers holds the remarkable potential to preserve the natural ecosystem and resolve the end-of-life issue associated with plastic waste. Every year, tons of plastic arebeing generated by the industrial sector and a large proportion of it stems from packaging and protective industries which ultimately requires enhanced barrier properties. It is therefore highly desired to use recycled polymers and improve the barrier properties of recycled polymers. The addition of nano-fillers in the recycled polymers to produce polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) works as reinforcing agents to restore the properties of the polymers that emerged from the degradation of thermoplastic polymer chains, particularly after the recycling of polymers. In this context, reducing the permeability of water vapours in recycled polymers is of paramount importance in the packaging and protective industries. Diffusing species can be successfully prevented by increasing the tortuosity of the pathways for the permeants, which can be successfully achieved by the inclusion of impermeable nanofillers. Herein, the current study focuses on the inclusion of graphene nanofillers functionalized with Amine (NH2) and oxygen (O2) in recycled polymer matrices including Nylon 6 or polyamide (PA6), (PA66) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to improve their water barrier properties. Functionalized graphene nanofillers have been chosen owing to their excellent dispersion, ability to increase bonding between the fillers and the matrix as well as increase the tortuosity of the diffusing species and ultimately enhance the barrier properties of the resultant PNCs. The PNCs were prepared using the twin-screw extrusion method and different concentrations of (NH2) and oxygen (O2) functionalized graphene have been added to prepare these composites. The PNCs were tested for their barrier and absorption properties. It is revealed that PET demonstrated to be an excellent composite which showed remarkable barrier properties as compared to PA6 and PA66 based composites. A typical Fickian absorption behaviour has been exhibited by these polymers while the absorption was observed to be directly correlated with the temperature, that is, absorption was significantly increased at elevated temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirmed the efficacy of PET over PA6 and PA66. Two sample thicknesses were tested for the permeability tests and the results revealed that saturation time for absorption is largely thickness dependent. While thicker samples take almost double the time asthe thinner sample to saturate. However, the difference becomes almost insignificant at higher temperatures and the saturation phenomenon becomes more the temperature is driven. The findings of the current study will definitely provide the base to further explore the potential of graphene-based nanofillers in different polymeric matrices.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication>Swansea, Wales, UK</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>nanocomposite; graphene; recycled polymers; barrier properties; absorption behavior</keywords><publishedDay>23</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-06-23</publishedDate><doi>10.23889/SUthesis.67438</doi><url/><notes>ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3204-8541</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><supervisor>Korkees, Feras</supervisor><degreelevel>Doctoral</degreelevel><degreename>Ph.D</degreename><degreesponsorsfunders>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London</degreesponsorsfunders><apcterm/><funders>Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-08-19T17:12:55.4021509</lastEdited><Created>2024-08-19T16:21:11.5605063</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>DALAL</firstname><surname>ALSHAMMARI</surname><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>Under embargo</filename><originalFilename>Under embargo</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-08-19T16:33:13.1176798</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>6726647</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>E-Thesis &#x2013; open access</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2027-06-23T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes>Copyright: The Author, Dalal Alshammari, 2022.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2024-08-19T17:12:55.4021509 v2 67438 2024-08-19 Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles 1aad1708ac571e01eae4e8e1100dd55f DALAL ALSHAMMARI DALAL ALSHAMMARI true false 2024-08-19 The emergence of recyclable polymers holds the remarkable potential to preserve the natural ecosystem and resolve the end-of-life issue associated with plastic waste. Every year, tons of plastic arebeing generated by the industrial sector and a large proportion of it stems from packaging and protective industries which ultimately requires enhanced barrier properties. It is therefore highly desired to use recycled polymers and improve the barrier properties of recycled polymers. The addition of nano-fillers in the recycled polymers to produce polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) works as reinforcing agents to restore the properties of the polymers that emerged from the degradation of thermoplastic polymer chains, particularly after the recycling of polymers. In this context, reducing the permeability of water vapours in recycled polymers is of paramount importance in the packaging and protective industries. Diffusing species can be successfully prevented by increasing the tortuosity of the pathways for the permeants, which can be successfully achieved by the inclusion of impermeable nanofillers. Herein, the current study focuses on the inclusion of graphene nanofillers functionalized with Amine (NH2) and oxygen (O2) in recycled polymer matrices including Nylon 6 or polyamide (PA6), (PA66) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to improve their water barrier properties. Functionalized graphene nanofillers have been chosen owing to their excellent dispersion, ability to increase bonding between the fillers and the matrix as well as increase the tortuosity of the diffusing species and ultimately enhance the barrier properties of the resultant PNCs. The PNCs were prepared using the twin-screw extrusion method and different concentrations of (NH2) and oxygen (O2) functionalized graphene have been added to prepare these composites. The PNCs were tested for their barrier and absorption properties. It is revealed that PET demonstrated to be an excellent composite which showed remarkable barrier properties as compared to PA6 and PA66 based composites. A typical Fickian absorption behaviour has been exhibited by these polymers while the absorption was observed to be directly correlated with the temperature, that is, absorption was significantly increased at elevated temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirmed the efficacy of PET over PA6 and PA66. Two sample thicknesses were tested for the permeability tests and the results revealed that saturation time for absorption is largely thickness dependent. While thicker samples take almost double the time asthe thinner sample to saturate. However, the difference becomes almost insignificant at higher temperatures and the saturation phenomenon becomes more the temperature is driven. The findings of the current study will definitely provide the base to further explore the potential of graphene-based nanofillers in different polymeric matrices. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK nanocomposite; graphene; recycled polymers; barrier properties; absorption behavior 23 6 2022 2022-06-23 10.23889/SUthesis.67438 ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3204-8541 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Korkees, Feras Doctoral Ph.D Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London 2024-08-19T17:12:55.4021509 2024-08-19T16:21:11.5605063 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering DALAL ALSHAMMARI 1 Under embargo Under embargo 2024-08-19T16:33:13.1176798 Output 6726647 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true 2027-06-23T00:00:00.0000000 Copyright: The Author, Dalal Alshammari, 2022. true eng
title Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles
spellingShingle Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles
DALAL ALSHAMMARI
title_short Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles
title_full Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles
title_fullStr Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles
title_sort Enhancing the Barrier Properties of Recycled Polymers by Incorporating Nano-Particles
author_id_str_mv 1aad1708ac571e01eae4e8e1100dd55f
author_id_fullname_str_mv 1aad1708ac571e01eae4e8e1100dd55f_***_DALAL ALSHAMMARI
author DALAL ALSHAMMARI
author2 DALAL ALSHAMMARI
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.67438
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description The emergence of recyclable polymers holds the remarkable potential to preserve the natural ecosystem and resolve the end-of-life issue associated with plastic waste. Every year, tons of plastic arebeing generated by the industrial sector and a large proportion of it stems from packaging and protective industries which ultimately requires enhanced barrier properties. It is therefore highly desired to use recycled polymers and improve the barrier properties of recycled polymers. The addition of nano-fillers in the recycled polymers to produce polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) works as reinforcing agents to restore the properties of the polymers that emerged from the degradation of thermoplastic polymer chains, particularly after the recycling of polymers. In this context, reducing the permeability of water vapours in recycled polymers is of paramount importance in the packaging and protective industries. Diffusing species can be successfully prevented by increasing the tortuosity of the pathways for the permeants, which can be successfully achieved by the inclusion of impermeable nanofillers. Herein, the current study focuses on the inclusion of graphene nanofillers functionalized with Amine (NH2) and oxygen (O2) in recycled polymer matrices including Nylon 6 or polyamide (PA6), (PA66) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to improve their water barrier properties. Functionalized graphene nanofillers have been chosen owing to their excellent dispersion, ability to increase bonding between the fillers and the matrix as well as increase the tortuosity of the diffusing species and ultimately enhance the barrier properties of the resultant PNCs. The PNCs were prepared using the twin-screw extrusion method and different concentrations of (NH2) and oxygen (O2) functionalized graphene have been added to prepare these composites. The PNCs were tested for their barrier and absorption properties. It is revealed that PET demonstrated to be an excellent composite which showed remarkable barrier properties as compared to PA6 and PA66 based composites. A typical Fickian absorption behaviour has been exhibited by these polymers while the absorption was observed to be directly correlated with the temperature, that is, absorption was significantly increased at elevated temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirmed the efficacy of PET over PA6 and PA66. Two sample thicknesses were tested for the permeability tests and the results revealed that saturation time for absorption is largely thickness dependent. While thicker samples take almost double the time asthe thinner sample to saturate. However, the difference becomes almost insignificant at higher temperatures and the saturation phenomenon becomes more the temperature is driven. The findings of the current study will definitely provide the base to further explore the potential of graphene-based nanofillers in different polymeric matrices.
published_date 2022-06-23T05:17:12Z
_version_ 1851731353796608000
score 11.08976

Similar Items