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Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy / Dom Conway

Swansea University Author: Dom Conway

  • E-Thesis – open access under embargo until: 19th June 2029

Abstract

Platinum chemotherapy drugs are commonly used in cancer treatment, but they are limited by the side effects and mechanism used for inducing cell death. The work presented here pursues a new approach and nanoparticle-based platform for using these chemotherapy agents more effectively. The inert natur...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2024
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MRes
Supervisor: Mareque-Rivas, Juan ; Carta, Mariolino
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66963
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The inert nature of platinum(IV) complexes is combined with intrinsically therapeutic iron and lipid loaded nanoparticles to provide a strategy to deliver them to the cancer cells and trigger complementary or even synergistic therapeutic effects with lower collateral damage to healthy cells. A multistep synthesis procedure was devised to enable the ligands added to form the platinum(IV) complex to be used to create different types of nanoparticle constructs and to attach other useful ligands and molecules that can be used to target and enhance cancer cell death in different ways (i.e. triggering apoptosis and ferroptosis). The platinum(II) complexes used in this study are octahedral platinum(IV) prodrugs of square-planar cis-diamino-dichloro platinum(II) (cisplatin) and diamino-cyclohexane-oxalato platinum(II) (oxaliplatin). These prodrugs were synthesised by oxidation reactions of the platinum(II) complexes by hydrogen peroxide and adding differing ratios of hydroxyl and acetyl ligands to the compound’s free axial sites in different solvent conditions, either water or glacial acetic acid. Then further reacting of these compounds with succinic anhydride generated acetyl-succinate or bis-succinate platinum(IV) compounds. These platinum(IV) compounds were then conjugated to a 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)] (DSPE-PEG-amine [2000]) phospholipid (PL) using a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)-mediated conjugation reaction to form DSPE-PEG-Pt(IV) derivatives. The biocompatible DSPE-PEG was chosen due to its amphiphilic nature, to provide water solubility and due to PEGylation’s known ability to enhance circulation time by evading the non-specific binding of plasma proteins. In the formation of micelles, the DSPE-PEG-Pt(IV) hydrocarbon chain was then used to promote a self-assembly process with oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) driven by hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. The IONPs used can help initiate ferroptosis; which is a type of non-apoptotic, iron dependant form of programmed cell death discovered recently. Ferroptosis is activated by lipid peroxide radicals being formed with iron as the catalyst, this leads to specific morphological changes that lead to cell death. Cancer cells have a greater uptake of iron than healthy cells and export iron less effectively; this hoarding of iron can be used to target and kill cancer cells, especially when the cancer cells have developed resistance to other forms cell death. Four platinum(IV) asymmetric and symmetric succinate compounds were synthesised, one asymmetric and one symmetric prodrug analogue of both cisplatin and oxaliplatin. 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spelling v2 66963 2024-07-04 Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy 5196307f19fdb6b9ab8fe220bbbef611 Dom Conway Dom Conway true false 2024-07-04 Platinum chemotherapy drugs are commonly used in cancer treatment, but they are limited by the side effects and mechanism used for inducing cell death. The work presented here pursues a new approach and nanoparticle-based platform for using these chemotherapy agents more effectively. The inert nature of platinum(IV) complexes is combined with intrinsically therapeutic iron and lipid loaded nanoparticles to provide a strategy to deliver them to the cancer cells and trigger complementary or even synergistic therapeutic effects with lower collateral damage to healthy cells. A multistep synthesis procedure was devised to enable the ligands added to form the platinum(IV) complex to be used to create different types of nanoparticle constructs and to attach other useful ligands and molecules that can be used to target and enhance cancer cell death in different ways (i.e. triggering apoptosis and ferroptosis). The platinum(II) complexes used in this study are octahedral platinum(IV) prodrugs of square-planar cis-diamino-dichloro platinum(II) (cisplatin) and diamino-cyclohexane-oxalato platinum(II) (oxaliplatin). These prodrugs were synthesised by oxidation reactions of the platinum(II) complexes by hydrogen peroxide and adding differing ratios of hydroxyl and acetyl ligands to the compound’s free axial sites in different solvent conditions, either water or glacial acetic acid. Then further reacting of these compounds with succinic anhydride generated acetyl-succinate or bis-succinate platinum(IV) compounds. These platinum(IV) compounds were then conjugated to a 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)] (DSPE-PEG-amine [2000]) phospholipid (PL) using a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)-mediated conjugation reaction to form DSPE-PEG-Pt(IV) derivatives. The biocompatible DSPE-PEG was chosen due to its amphiphilic nature, to provide water solubility and due to PEGylation’s known ability to enhance circulation time by evading the non-specific binding of plasma proteins. In the formation of micelles, the DSPE-PEG-Pt(IV) hydrocarbon chain was then used to promote a self-assembly process with oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) driven by hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. The IONPs used can help initiate ferroptosis; which is a type of non-apoptotic, iron dependant form of programmed cell death discovered recently. Ferroptosis is activated by lipid peroxide radicals being formed with iron as the catalyst, this leads to specific morphological changes that lead to cell death. Cancer cells have a greater uptake of iron than healthy cells and export iron less effectively; this hoarding of iron can be used to target and kill cancer cells, especially when the cancer cells have developed resistance to other forms cell death. Four platinum(IV) asymmetric and symmetric succinate compounds were synthesised, one asymmetric and one symmetric prodrug analogue of both cisplatin and oxaliplatin. These four compounds were then functionalised with DSPE-PEG, and the DSPE-PEGylated Pt(IV) complexes were successfully utilized to form micelles filled with IONPs as the core. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Platinum(IV), Platinum(II), DSPE-PEG, PEGylation, Nanoparticle, Cancer, Immunotherapy, Ferroptosis, Micelle, Prodrug 19 6 2024 2024-06-19 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Mareque-Rivas, Juan ; Carta, Mariolino Master of Research MRes 2024-07-04T16:22:32.0069972 2024-07-04T15:47:03.3615452 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry Dom Conway 1 Under embargo Under embargo 2024-07-04T16:21:01.3555613 Output 7266701 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true 2029-06-19T00:00:00.0000000 Copyright: The Author, Dominic S. Conway, 2024. Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-No-Derivatives (CC-BY-ND) License. Third party content is excluded for use under the license terms. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.en
title Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
spellingShingle Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
Dom Conway
title_short Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
title_full Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
title_fullStr Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
title_sort Platinum(IV) Prodrugs Conjugated to DSPE-PEG for Development of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Micelles for Multimodal Cancer Therapy
author_id_str_mv 5196307f19fdb6b9ab8fe220bbbef611
author_id_fullname_str_mv 5196307f19fdb6b9ab8fe220bbbef611_***_Dom Conway
author Dom Conway
author2 Dom Conway
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institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry
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description Platinum chemotherapy drugs are commonly used in cancer treatment, but they are limited by the side effects and mechanism used for inducing cell death. The work presented here pursues a new approach and nanoparticle-based platform for using these chemotherapy agents more effectively. The inert nature of platinum(IV) complexes is combined with intrinsically therapeutic iron and lipid loaded nanoparticles to provide a strategy to deliver them to the cancer cells and trigger complementary or even synergistic therapeutic effects with lower collateral damage to healthy cells. A multistep synthesis procedure was devised to enable the ligands added to form the platinum(IV) complex to be used to create different types of nanoparticle constructs and to attach other useful ligands and molecules that can be used to target and enhance cancer cell death in different ways (i.e. triggering apoptosis and ferroptosis). The platinum(II) complexes used in this study are octahedral platinum(IV) prodrugs of square-planar cis-diamino-dichloro platinum(II) (cisplatin) and diamino-cyclohexane-oxalato platinum(II) (oxaliplatin). These prodrugs were synthesised by oxidation reactions of the platinum(II) complexes by hydrogen peroxide and adding differing ratios of hydroxyl and acetyl ligands to the compound’s free axial sites in different solvent conditions, either water or glacial acetic acid. Then further reacting of these compounds with succinic anhydride generated acetyl-succinate or bis-succinate platinum(IV) compounds. These platinum(IV) compounds were then conjugated to a 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)] (DSPE-PEG-amine [2000]) phospholipid (PL) using a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)-mediated conjugation reaction to form DSPE-PEG-Pt(IV) derivatives. The biocompatible DSPE-PEG was chosen due to its amphiphilic nature, to provide water solubility and due to PEGylation’s known ability to enhance circulation time by evading the non-specific binding of plasma proteins. In the formation of micelles, the DSPE-PEG-Pt(IV) hydrocarbon chain was then used to promote a self-assembly process with oleic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) driven by hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. The IONPs used can help initiate ferroptosis; which is a type of non-apoptotic, iron dependant form of programmed cell death discovered recently. Ferroptosis is activated by lipid peroxide radicals being formed with iron as the catalyst, this leads to specific morphological changes that lead to cell death. Cancer cells have a greater uptake of iron than healthy cells and export iron less effectively; this hoarding of iron can be used to target and kill cancer cells, especially when the cancer cells have developed resistance to other forms cell death. Four platinum(IV) asymmetric and symmetric succinate compounds were synthesised, one asymmetric and one symmetric prodrug analogue of both cisplatin and oxaliplatin. These four compounds were then functionalised with DSPE-PEG, and the DSPE-PEGylated Pt(IV) complexes were successfully utilized to form micelles filled with IONPs as the core.
published_date 2024-06-19T16:22:30Z
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