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A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation

Jorge Molina Orcid Logo, Daniel Obaid Orcid Logo, Adesola Ademiloye Orcid Logo

Engineering Reports

Swansea University Authors: Daniel Obaid Orcid Logo, Adesola Ademiloye Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/eng2.12955

Abstract

This article presents a new open-source solver within the OpenFOAM framework, to provide a cost-free alternative to commercial software for simulating blood flows and the transport of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in arteries. The proposed algorithm utilizes the velocity field obtained from the hem...

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Published in: Engineering Reports
ISSN: 2577-8196 2577-8196
Published: Wiley 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66728
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spelling v2 66728 2024-06-14 A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation 1cb4b49224d4f3f2b546ed0f39e13ea8 0000-0002-3891-1403 Daniel Obaid Daniel Obaid true false e37960ed89a7e3eaeba2201762626594 0000-0002-9741-6488 Adesola Ademiloye Adesola Ademiloye true false 2024-06-14 MEDS This article presents a new open-source solver within the OpenFOAM framework, to provide a cost-free alternative to commercial software for simulating blood flows and the transport of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in arteries. The proposed algorithm utilizes the velocity field obtained from the hemodynamics computation to solve an advection-diffusion equation governing a passive scalar variable, that represents the cholesterol concentration in blood. Moreover, two customized boundary conditions, namely periodic pulsatile inflow and LDL blood-to-wall transfer law, as well as a non-Newtonian viscosity model, are included in the code to achieve more realistic results. The solver is first validated by reproducing two benchmark tests, the classical lid-driven cavity experiment including heat transport, and a constricted tube simulating a stenosed artery. The results obtained were in good agreement with existing literature and experimental measurements, thus confirming the accuracy and robustness of the proposed open-source solver. Finally, hemodynamics and LDL transport are computed in two arteries, one of them obtained by segmentation from an anonymized clinical patient. Stress and LDL concentration at the vessel's wall are employed to calculate significant descriptors revealing dangerous areas where atherosclerotic plaques could emerge. In the studied cases, the main branch of the artery, and especially the vicinity of the bifurcation, seem to be candidates to develop the illness. This conclusion is in line with medical in-vivo studies evincing that bifurcations are an usual place where plaques grow. Journal Article Engineering Reports 0 Wiley 2577-8196 2577-8196 Atherosclerosis, hemodynamics, LDL transport, numerical modeling, OpenFOAM, open-source 29 6 2024 2024-06-29 10.1002/eng2.12955 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This research was supported by the Grant #PID2020- 115778GB-I00 funded by CIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. A.S. Ademiloye expresses gratitude to the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) for the Innovation Award. 2024-11-01T15:05:00.0556464 2024-06-14T09:45:15.7879054 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering Jorge Molina 0000-0001-7985-409x 1 Daniel Obaid 0000-0002-3891-1403 2 Adesola Ademiloye 0000-0002-9741-6488 3 66728__30949__5597223695f04b3e879decc776f7c1c0.pdf 66728.VoR.pdf 2024-07-23T14:31:19.3452158 Output 17381559 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation
spellingShingle A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation
Daniel Obaid
Adesola Ademiloye
title_short A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation
title_full A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation
title_fullStr A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation
title_full_unstemmed A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation
title_sort A new open‐source solver for early detection of atherosclerosis based on hemodynamics and LDL transport simulation
author_id_str_mv 1cb4b49224d4f3f2b546ed0f39e13ea8
e37960ed89a7e3eaeba2201762626594
author_id_fullname_str_mv 1cb4b49224d4f3f2b546ed0f39e13ea8_***_Daniel Obaid
e37960ed89a7e3eaeba2201762626594_***_Adesola Ademiloye
author Daniel Obaid
Adesola Ademiloye
author2 Jorge Molina
Daniel Obaid
Adesola Ademiloye
format Journal article
container_title Engineering Reports
container_volume 0
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2577-8196
2577-8196
doi_str_mv 10.1002/eng2.12955
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description This article presents a new open-source solver within the OpenFOAM framework, to provide a cost-free alternative to commercial software for simulating blood flows and the transport of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in arteries. The proposed algorithm utilizes the velocity field obtained from the hemodynamics computation to solve an advection-diffusion equation governing a passive scalar variable, that represents the cholesterol concentration in blood. Moreover, two customized boundary conditions, namely periodic pulsatile inflow and LDL blood-to-wall transfer law, as well as a non-Newtonian viscosity model, are included in the code to achieve more realistic results. The solver is first validated by reproducing two benchmark tests, the classical lid-driven cavity experiment including heat transport, and a constricted tube simulating a stenosed artery. The results obtained were in good agreement with existing literature and experimental measurements, thus confirming the accuracy and robustness of the proposed open-source solver. Finally, hemodynamics and LDL transport are computed in two arteries, one of them obtained by segmentation from an anonymized clinical patient. Stress and LDL concentration at the vessel's wall are employed to calculate significant descriptors revealing dangerous areas where atherosclerotic plaques could emerge. In the studied cases, the main branch of the artery, and especially the vicinity of the bifurcation, seem to be candidates to develop the illness. This conclusion is in line with medical in-vivo studies evincing that bifurcations are an usual place where plaques grow.
published_date 2024-06-29T15:04:57Z
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