Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers

Davies-Thompson, Jodie; Morgan, Dan; Davis, Josh P; Towler, John

doi:10.3390/brainsci14060561

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Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers

Jodie Davies-Thompson

, Dan Morgan, Josh P Davis

, John Towler

Brain Sciences, Volume: 14, Issue: 6, Start page: 561

Swansea University Authors: Jodie Davies-Thompson , Dan Morgan, John Towler

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/brainsci14060561

Abstract

In non-clinical populations, facial features (eyes, nose, mouth) may vary in their contribution to face identity perception. Changes to whole faces are easier to detect than changes to individual features, and eye changes being able to detect than mouth changes which in turn are easier to detect tha...

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Published in:	Brain Sciences
ISSN:	2076-3425
Published:	Brain Sciences MDPI AG 2024
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first_indexed	2024-05-29T09:39:11Z
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Changes to whole faces are easier to detect than changes to individual features, and eye changes being able to detect than mouth changes which in turn are easier to detect than nose changes. However, how this differs for people with face recognition difficulties (developmental prosopagnosia; DP) and for individuals with superior face recognition abilities (super-recognisers; SR) is not clear; although findings from previous studies have suggested differences, the nature of this difference is not understood. The aim of this study was to examine whether differences in the ability to detect feature changes in DPs and SRs were a) quantitative meaning that the pattern across feature changes remained the same but there was an overall upwards or downwards shift in performance, or b) qualitative meaning that the pattern across feature changes were different. Using a change detection task in which individual face features (eyes, nose, mouth) changed between sequentially presented faces, we found that while prosopagnosics showed a quantitative difference in performance with a downwards shift across all conditions, super-recognisers only showed qualitative differences - they were better able to detect when the face was the same and were marginally, close to significantly worse at detecting when the eyes changed. Further, the only condition which distinguished between the three groups, was the ability to identifying when the same face was presented, with SRs being better than controls, and controls being better than DPs. 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spelling	v2 66523 2024-05-29 Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers 0f228cbf8dfc2a66ab1ec4548cfbcd3b 0000-0002-9355-4306 Jodie Davies-Thompson Jodie Davies-Thompson true false c24b8e24914a5e54f200db48b661c00c Dan Morgan Dan Morgan true false 5bc86619011fcaa9caeb27d7f89b8e9e 0000-0002-5132-1969 John Towler John Towler true false 2024-05-29 PSYS In non-clinical populations, facial features (eyes, nose, mouth) may vary in their contribution to face identity perception. Changes to whole faces are easier to detect than changes to individual features, and eye changes being able to detect than mouth changes which in turn are easier to detect than nose changes. However, how this differs for people with face recognition difficulties (developmental prosopagnosia; DP) and for individuals with superior face recognition abilities (super-recognisers; SR) is not clear; although findings from previous studies have suggested differences, the nature of this difference is not understood. The aim of this study was to examine whether differences in the ability to detect feature changes in DPs and SRs were a) quantitative meaning that the pattern across feature changes remained the same but there was an overall upwards or downwards shift in performance, or b) qualitative meaning that the pattern across feature changes were different. Using a change detection task in which individual face features (eyes, nose, mouth) changed between sequentially presented faces, we found that while prosopagnosics showed a quantitative difference in performance with a downwards shift across all conditions, super-recognisers only showed qualitative differences - they were better able to detect when the face was the same and were marginally, close to significantly worse at detecting when the eyes changed. Further, the only condition which distinguished between the three groups, was the ability to identifying when the same face was presented, with SRs being better than controls, and controls being better than DPs. Our findings suggest that, in feature matching tasks, differences for DPs are due to them being overall worse at the task, while SRs use a qualitatively different strategy. Journal Article Brain Sciences 14 6 561 MDPI AG Brain Sciences 2076-3425 faces; prosopagnosia; super-recognisers 30 5 2024 2024-05-30 10.3390/brainsci14060561 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University Not Required No funding was obtained for this study; however, D.M. was awarded departmental funding for his Ph.D. from Swansea University 2024-06-10T13:12:43.3652954 2024-05-29T10:33:16.5083606 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Jodie Davies-Thompson 0000-0002-9355-4306 1 Dan Morgan 2 Josh P Davis 0000-0003-0017-7159 3 John Towler 0000-0002-5132-1969 4 66523__30588__405f503f48a24ef7bf9eba6d04c0b901.pdf 66523.VoR.pdf 2024-06-10T13:09:54.0471202 Output 1500870 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 by the authors.This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers
spellingShingle	Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers Jodie Davies-Thompson Dan Morgan John Towler
title_short	Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers
title_full	Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers
title_fullStr	Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers
title_full_unstemmed	Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers
title_sort	Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers
author_id_str_mv	0f228cbf8dfc2a66ab1ec4548cfbcd3b c24b8e24914a5e54f200db48b661c00c 5bc86619011fcaa9caeb27d7f89b8e9e
author_id_fullname_str_mv	0f228cbf8dfc2a66ab1ec4548cfbcd3b_*_Jodie Davies-Thompson c24b8e24914a5e54f200db48b661c00c__Dan Morgan 5bc86619011fcaa9caeb27d7f89b8e9e_**_John Towler
author	Jodie Davies-Thompson Dan Morgan John Towler
author2	Jodie Davies-Thompson Dan Morgan Josh P Davis John Towler
format	Journal article
container_title	Brain Sciences
container_volume	14
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publishDate	2024
institution	Swansea University
issn	2076-3425
doi_str_mv	10.3390/brainsci14060561
publisher	MDPI AG
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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description	In non-clinical populations, facial features (eyes, nose, mouth) may vary in their contribution to face identity perception. Changes to whole faces are easier to detect than changes to individual features, and eye changes being able to detect than mouth changes which in turn are easier to detect than nose changes. However, how this differs for people with face recognition difficulties (developmental prosopagnosia; DP) and for individuals with superior face recognition abilities (super-recognisers; SR) is not clear; although findings from previous studies have suggested differences, the nature of this difference is not understood. The aim of this study was to examine whether differences in the ability to detect feature changes in DPs and SRs were a) quantitative meaning that the pattern across feature changes remained the same but there was an overall upwards or downwards shift in performance, or b) qualitative meaning that the pattern across feature changes were different. Using a change detection task in which individual face features (eyes, nose, mouth) changed between sequentially presented faces, we found that while prosopagnosics showed a quantitative difference in performance with a downwards shift across all conditions, super-recognisers only showed qualitative differences - they were better able to detect when the face was the same and were marginally, close to significantly worse at detecting when the eyes changed. Further, the only condition which distinguished between the three groups, was the ability to identifying when the same face was presented, with SRs being better than controls, and controls being better than DPs. Our findings suggest that, in feature matching tasks, differences for DPs are due to them being overall worse at the task, while SRs use a qualitatively different strategy.
published_date	2024-05-30T13:12:42Z
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Face Feature Change Detection Ability in Developmental Prosopagnosia and Super-Recognisers

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