Journal article 131 views
Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes.
Phil Reed 
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, Volume: 50, Issue: 3, Pages: 210 - 224
Swansea University Author:
Phil Reed
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DOI (Published version): 10.1037/xan0000382
Abstract
Four experiments examined human ratings of causal effectiveness, and ability to detect causal relationships, in a nonverbal paradigm. Participants responded on a concurrent random interval, extinction schedule. In the presence of one stimulus, responses produced an outcome (triangle flash); in the p...
| Published in: | Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition |
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| ISSN: | 2329-8456 2329-8464 |
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American Psychological Association (APA)
2024
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66504 |
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v2 66504 2024-05-23 Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes. 100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83 0000-0002-8157-0747 Phil Reed Phil Reed true false 2024-05-23 PSYS Four experiments examined human ratings of causal effectiveness, and ability to detect causal relationships, in a nonverbal paradigm. Participants responded on a concurrent random interval, extinction schedule. In the presence of one stimulus, responses produced an outcome (triangle flash); in the presence of the other stimulus, they did not. Following making a judgment of causal effectiveness, two further stimuli were presented simultaneously with one another, and participants had to select one depending on which of the previous two stimuli were associated with effective responses. In all experiments, immediate outcomes were associated with higher causal ratings and better causal detection than outcomes delayed by 3 s. A signal inserted between response and outcome improved ratings and detection (Experiments 2 and 4), even when it was contiguous with the response but not the outcome (Experiments 2 and 3). Stimuli associated with both components (marking cues) did not impact judgments or detection (Experiment 3). Stimuli signaling the availability of an outcome if a response was made (signaled reinforcement) did not improve causal judgments, but did improve detection of stimuli associated with the outcome (Experiment 4). Responses during the delay interfered with detection of the actual relationship when delays were unsignaled (Experiments 1–4), but not with fully or briefly signaled delays (Experiments 2–4), or with signaled reinforcement (Experiment 4). The results suggest a delay stimulus serves to signal the response has been successful and demark the delay period by serving a discriminative function. These findings mirror those seen in nonhuman conditioning. Journal Article Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition 50 3 210 224 American Psychological Association (APA) 2329-8456 2329-8464 human causal judgment, causal detection, concurrent schedule, matching-to-sample 1 7 2024 2024-07-01 10.1037/xan0000382 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University SU College/Department paid the OA fee 2024-11-06T12:26:14.1118161 2024-05-23T15:20:19.5692014 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Phil Reed 0000-0002-8157-0747 1 66504__32858__62c70d35ba0e4353b7fa27f39666ca97.pdf 66504.VoR.pdf 2024-11-06T12:24:50.1122468 Output 523878 application/pdf Version of Record true ©2024 The Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| title |
Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes. |
| spellingShingle |
Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes. Phil Reed |
| title_short |
Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes. |
| title_full |
Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes. |
| title_fullStr |
Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes. |
| title_sort |
Human causality detection and judgment with unsignaled and signaled delayed outcomes. |
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100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83 |
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100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83_***_Phil Reed |
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Phil Reed |
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Phil Reed |
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Journal article |
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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition |
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50 |
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3 |
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210 |
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2024 |
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Swansea University |
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2329-8456 2329-8464 |
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10.1037/xan0000382 |
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American Psychological Association (APA) |
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Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |
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| description |
Four experiments examined human ratings of causal effectiveness, and ability to detect causal relationships, in a nonverbal paradigm. Participants responded on a concurrent random interval, extinction schedule. In the presence of one stimulus, responses produced an outcome (triangle flash); in the presence of the other stimulus, they did not. Following making a judgment of causal effectiveness, two further stimuli were presented simultaneously with one another, and participants had to select one depending on which of the previous two stimuli were associated with effective responses. In all experiments, immediate outcomes were associated with higher causal ratings and better causal detection than outcomes delayed by 3 s. A signal inserted between response and outcome improved ratings and detection (Experiments 2 and 4), even when it was contiguous with the response but not the outcome (Experiments 2 and 3). Stimuli associated with both components (marking cues) did not impact judgments or detection (Experiment 3). Stimuli signaling the availability of an outcome if a response was made (signaled reinforcement) did not improve causal judgments, but did improve detection of stimuli associated with the outcome (Experiment 4). Responses during the delay interfered with detection of the actual relationship when delays were unsignaled (Experiments 1–4), but not with fully or briefly signaled delays (Experiments 2–4), or with signaled reinforcement (Experiment 4). The results suggest a delay stimulus serves to signal the response has been successful and demark the delay period by serving a discriminative function. These findings mirror those seen in nonhuman conditioning. |
| published_date |
2024-07-01T12:26:12Z |
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1814975975527546880 |
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11.037056 |