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The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition / CHANTELLE GAYLOR

Swansea University Author: CHANTELLE GAYLOR

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.66038

Abstract

The overarching aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of diet on glycaemic control, cognition, and sleep using three different approaches. In Chapter 2, a systematic review of the effect of glycaemic load on acute cognition in children, adolescents, and adults was conducted. A meta-analysis o...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2024
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Young, H., A.; and Benton, D.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66038
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A meta-analysis of 15 studies revealed that the effect of breakfast glycaemic load on cognition was influenced by the timing of testing, sample age, glucose tolerance, and cognitive subdomain. Relative to a high glycaemic load, a low glycaemic load breakfast was associated with significantly better immediate episodic memory during the late postprandial period (&gt;120 minutes). The beneficial effect of a low glycaemic load breakfast on episodic memory was greater in younger adults and those with better glucose tolerance. No differences in working memory and attention were revealed. A review of 16 studies involving children and adolescents suggested that a low glycaemic load breakfast may prevent a decline in episodic memory and accuracy of attention during the late postprandial period. The remaining five studies administered meals or drinks differing in glycaemic load after breakfast time, two of which reported that a high glycaemic load lunch benefitted performance. However, conclusions cannot be made given the paucity of studies.In Chapter 3, the acute effects of consuming a HGL drink and LGL drink fifteen minutes before bedtime on sleep, sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and nocturnal glucose metabolism were examined in young, healthy males (n = 20). There was tentative evidence that measures of sleep architecture and continuity may be affected by the consumption of drinks differing in GL shortly before bedtime. However, most effects were either non-significant trends or no longer significant after controlling for multiple comparisons, which may reflect a lack of statistical power, the removal of several outliers, and the conservative nature of the Bonferroni correction.In Chapter 4, the chronic effects of consuming cinnamon and turmeric/curcumin for three months were examined in apparently healthy middle-aged and older adults (n = 28). Primary outcome measures included glycaemic control and cognition, and secondary outcome measures included lipid profiles, c-reactive protein, mood, satiety, thirst, body mass index, and body fat percentage. There were no significant differences in any of these measures between the placebo group and active group after one, two, and three months of supplementation. It is likely that sample heterogeneity played a key role in the absence of significant effects.A series of guiding principles were created by drawing from the strengths and limitations of the studies conducted as part of this thesis and past research. These guiding principles outline some of the factors that should be considered when designing studies. The goal of these guiding principles is to facilitate a better understanding of the complex relationship between blood glucose levels, cognition, and sleep in future.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication>Swansea, Wales, UK</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>Diet, glycaemic index, glycaemic load, polyphenols, cinnamon, turmeric, carbohydrate, cognition, sleep, mood, and memory</keywords><publishedDay>20</publishedDay><publishedMonth>2</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-02-20</publishedDate><doi>10.23889/SUthesis.66038</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><supervisor>Young, H., A.; and Benton, D.</supervisor><degreelevel>Doctoral</degreelevel><degreename>Ph.D</degreename><degreesponsorsfunders>Self-funded</degreesponsorsfunders><apcterm/><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-06-21T12:16:39.4605310</lastEdited><Created>2024-04-11T13:02:03.8636599</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">School of Psychology</level></path><authors><author><firstname>CHANTELLE</firstname><surname>GAYLOR</surname><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>66038__30720__56ec45d060654ba6a13ad4b6fc4c2e8a.pdf</filename><originalFilename>2024_Gaylor_Chantelle.final.66038.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-06-21T12:15:30.3012951</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>5483170</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>E-Thesis – open access</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Copyright: The Author, Chantelle Gaylor, 2023</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling v2 66038 2024-04-11 The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition 166c6eb5b032dd3c4f410261980ed09e CHANTELLE GAYLOR CHANTELLE GAYLOR true false 2024-04-11 The overarching aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of diet on glycaemic control, cognition, and sleep using three different approaches. In Chapter 2, a systematic review of the effect of glycaemic load on acute cognition in children, adolescents, and adults was conducted. A meta-analysis of 15 studies revealed that the effect of breakfast glycaemic load on cognition was influenced by the timing of testing, sample age, glucose tolerance, and cognitive subdomain. Relative to a high glycaemic load, a low glycaemic load breakfast was associated with significantly better immediate episodic memory during the late postprandial period (>120 minutes). The beneficial effect of a low glycaemic load breakfast on episodic memory was greater in younger adults and those with better glucose tolerance. No differences in working memory and attention were revealed. A review of 16 studies involving children and adolescents suggested that a low glycaemic load breakfast may prevent a decline in episodic memory and accuracy of attention during the late postprandial period. The remaining five studies administered meals or drinks differing in glycaemic load after breakfast time, two of which reported that a high glycaemic load lunch benefitted performance. However, conclusions cannot be made given the paucity of studies.In Chapter 3, the acute effects of consuming a HGL drink and LGL drink fifteen minutes before bedtime on sleep, sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and nocturnal glucose metabolism were examined in young, healthy males (n = 20). There was tentative evidence that measures of sleep architecture and continuity may be affected by the consumption of drinks differing in GL shortly before bedtime. However, most effects were either non-significant trends or no longer significant after controlling for multiple comparisons, which may reflect a lack of statistical power, the removal of several outliers, and the conservative nature of the Bonferroni correction.In Chapter 4, the chronic effects of consuming cinnamon and turmeric/curcumin for three months were examined in apparently healthy middle-aged and older adults (n = 28). Primary outcome measures included glycaemic control and cognition, and secondary outcome measures included lipid profiles, c-reactive protein, mood, satiety, thirst, body mass index, and body fat percentage. There were no significant differences in any of these measures between the placebo group and active group after one, two, and three months of supplementation. It is likely that sample heterogeneity played a key role in the absence of significant effects.A series of guiding principles were created by drawing from the strengths and limitations of the studies conducted as part of this thesis and past research. These guiding principles outline some of the factors that should be considered when designing studies. The goal of these guiding principles is to facilitate a better understanding of the complex relationship between blood glucose levels, cognition, and sleep in future. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Diet, glycaemic index, glycaemic load, polyphenols, cinnamon, turmeric, carbohydrate, cognition, sleep, mood, and memory 20 2 2024 2024-02-20 10.23889/SUthesis.66038 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Young, H., A.; and Benton, D. Doctoral Ph.D Self-funded 2024-06-21T12:16:39.4605310 2024-04-11T13:02:03.8636599 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology CHANTELLE GAYLOR 1 66038__30720__56ec45d060654ba6a13ad4b6fc4c2e8a.pdf 2024_Gaylor_Chantelle.final.66038.pdf 2024-06-21T12:15:30.3012951 Output 5483170 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The Author, Chantelle Gaylor, 2023 true eng
title The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition
spellingShingle The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition
CHANTELLE GAYLOR
title_short The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition
title_full The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition
title_fullStr The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition
title_full_unstemmed The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition
title_sort The influence of diet on glycaemic control, sleep, and cognition
author_id_str_mv 166c6eb5b032dd3c4f410261980ed09e
author_id_fullname_str_mv 166c6eb5b032dd3c4f410261980ed09e_***_CHANTELLE GAYLOR
author CHANTELLE GAYLOR
author2 CHANTELLE GAYLOR
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doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.66038
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
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description The overarching aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of diet on glycaemic control, cognition, and sleep using three different approaches. In Chapter 2, a systematic review of the effect of glycaemic load on acute cognition in children, adolescents, and adults was conducted. A meta-analysis of 15 studies revealed that the effect of breakfast glycaemic load on cognition was influenced by the timing of testing, sample age, glucose tolerance, and cognitive subdomain. Relative to a high glycaemic load, a low glycaemic load breakfast was associated with significantly better immediate episodic memory during the late postprandial period (>120 minutes). The beneficial effect of a low glycaemic load breakfast on episodic memory was greater in younger adults and those with better glucose tolerance. No differences in working memory and attention were revealed. A review of 16 studies involving children and adolescents suggested that a low glycaemic load breakfast may prevent a decline in episodic memory and accuracy of attention during the late postprandial period. The remaining five studies administered meals or drinks differing in glycaemic load after breakfast time, two of which reported that a high glycaemic load lunch benefitted performance. However, conclusions cannot be made given the paucity of studies.In Chapter 3, the acute effects of consuming a HGL drink and LGL drink fifteen minutes before bedtime on sleep, sleep-dependent memory consolidation, and nocturnal glucose metabolism were examined in young, healthy males (n = 20). There was tentative evidence that measures of sleep architecture and continuity may be affected by the consumption of drinks differing in GL shortly before bedtime. However, most effects were either non-significant trends or no longer significant after controlling for multiple comparisons, which may reflect a lack of statistical power, the removal of several outliers, and the conservative nature of the Bonferroni correction.In Chapter 4, the chronic effects of consuming cinnamon and turmeric/curcumin for three months were examined in apparently healthy middle-aged and older adults (n = 28). Primary outcome measures included glycaemic control and cognition, and secondary outcome measures included lipid profiles, c-reactive protein, mood, satiety, thirst, body mass index, and body fat percentage. There were no significant differences in any of these measures between the placebo group and active group after one, two, and three months of supplementation. It is likely that sample heterogeneity played a key role in the absence of significant effects.A series of guiding principles were created by drawing from the strengths and limitations of the studies conducted as part of this thesis and past research. These guiding principles outline some of the factors that should be considered when designing studies. The goal of these guiding principles is to facilitate a better understanding of the complex relationship between blood glucose levels, cognition, and sleep in future.
published_date 2024-02-20T12:16:38Z
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score 11.013731

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